1. What’s the Matter? Atomic Basics

2. OBJECTIVES
Describe the charge, location, and relative masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Calculate the number of particles in an atom using the atomic number, mass number, and overall charge.
Identify isotopes and explain their similarities/differences.

3. What’s the matter? EVERYTHING!
Matter = anything that has mass and takes up space

4. What’s the matter? EVERYTHING!
Matter = anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms

5. What’s inside an atom?

6. Inside the atom
3 basic particles make up an atom: protons, neutrons, & electrons.

7. Inside the atom
3 basic particles make up an atom: protons, neutrons, & electrons.
Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom.

8. Inside the atom
3 basic particles make up an atom: protons, neutrons, & electrons.
Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom.
Protons = particles that have a positive charge

9. Inside the atom
3 basic particles make up an atom: protons, neutrons, & electrons.
Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom.
Protons = particles that have a positive charge
Neutrons = particles that have no electric charge

10. Inside the atom
3 basic particles make up an atom: protons, neutrons, & electrons.
Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom.
Protons = particles that have a positive charge
Neutrons = particles that have no electric charge
Electrons = negatively charged particles that move around the nucleus

11. More about atoms…
Atoms are neutral because they have an equal number of positive and negative charges.
If an atom loses or gains an electron, the atom becomes an ion (atom with a charge).

12. What makes one atom different from another?

13. Identifying Elements
Atomic number = # of protons in an atom's nucleus

14. Identifying Elements Atomic number = # of protons in an atom's nucleus
The number of protons determines what element something is
This number also equals the number of electrons in the atom's electron cloud

15. Identifying Elements Atomic number = # of protons in an atom's nucleus
The number of protons determines what element something is
This number also equals the number of electrons in the atom's electron cloud
Mass number= # protons + # neutrons

16. Identifying Elements Atomic number = # of protons in an atom's nucleus
The number of protons determines what element something is
This number also equals the number of electrons in the atom's electron cloud
Mass number = # protons + # neutrons

17. Are all atoms of an element the same?

18. Isotopes
Isotopes = atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

19. Isotopes
Isotopes = atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
some isotopes are unstable (radioactive)

20. Isotopes
Isotopes = atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
some isotopes are unstable (radioactive)
You can identify each isotope of an element by its mass number – each isotope has a different mass number.

21. Calculating the Mass of an Element
Atomic mass = average mass of all the isotopes of an element

22. What else is there to know about protons, neutrons, and electrons?

23. More about protons, neutrons, and electrons

24. More about protons, neutrons, and electrons
Decide what the atom will be (which element).
Determine the number of electrons.

25. More about protons, neutrons, and electrons
Decide what the atom will be (which element).
Determine the number of electrons.
Neutrons:
Are needed to keep the protons together. (since protons repel each other)
Were the last of the three to be discovered

26. More about protons, neutrons, and electrons
Decide what the atom will be (which element).
Determine the number of electrons.
Neutrons:
Are needed to keep the protons together. (since protons repel each other)
Were the last of the three to be discovered
Electrons:
Decide how the atom will get along with other atoms (chemical properties).
Have the smallest mass of all three; close to zero

27. Where exactly do electrons “hang out” outside the nucleus?

28. Energy levels in atoms
Electron shells are the orbits followed by electrons around the nucleus.

29. Energy levels in atoms
Electron shells are the orbits followed by electrons around the nucleus.
Each electron shell can hold only a certain number of electrons.
1st shell  fits 2 total electrons
2nd shell  fits 8 total electrons
3rd shell  fits 8 total electrons
4th shell  fits 2 total electrons
USE THIS SLIDE IN FUTURE

30. ATOMIC MATH
Don’t worry – it’s just ADDING and SUBTRACTING! 

31. For each element in the periodic table, you can find the following information:
Atomic Number
Symbol
Name
Atomic Mass
protons
electrons
Atomic number equals the number of __________ or ___________.
Atomic mass equals the number of ___________ + ____________.
protons
neutrons

32. DO WITH WHITEBOARDS

33. Use the information provided to answer the questions.
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine?

34. The answers are … What is the atomic number for Chlorine? 17
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine? 17

35. The answers are … What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
What is the atomic mass for Boron?

36. The answers are … What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
What is the atomic mass for Boron?
10.81 or 11

37. The answers are … What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
What is the atomic mass for Boron?
How many protons are in an atom of Na?

38. The answers are … What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
What is the atomic mass for Boron?
How many protons are in an atom of Na? 11

39. The answers are … What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
What is the atomic mass for Boron?
How many protons are in an atom of Na?
How many neutrons are in an atom of He?

40. The answers are … What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
What is the atomic mass for Boron?
How many protons are in an atom of Na?
How many neutrons are in an atom of He? 2

41. The answers are … What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
What is the atomic mass for Boron?
How many protons are in an atom of Na?
How many neutrons are in an atom of He?
How many electrons are in an atom of Cl?

42. The answers are … What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
What is the atomic mass for Boron?
How many protons are in an atom of Na?
How many neutrons are in an atom of He?
How many electrons are in an atom of Cl? 17

43. The answers are … What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
What is the atomic mass for Boron?
How many protons are in an atom of Na?
How many neutrons are in an atom of He?
How many electrons are in an atom of Cl?
How many neutrons are in an atom of Sodium?

44. The answers are … What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
What is the atomic mass for Boron?
How many protons are in an atom of Na?
How many neutrons are in an atom of He?
How many electrons are in an atom of Cl?
How many neutrons are in an atom of Sodium? 12

45. How many total particles would be in the nucleus of Chlorine?
The answers are …
5 B Boron 10.81
2 He Helium 4.003
11 Na Sodium
17 Cl Chlorine
Bonus Questions:
How many total particles would be in the nucleus of Chlorine?
What are the two possible mass numbers for an atom of Boron? Which one is more common?