1. What do the numbers in each element box of the periodic table mean?

2. Most matter is a molecular mixture of these 118 different elements
Most matter is a molecular mixture of these 118 different elements. Mostly THESE 12 elements.

3. Most matter is a molecular mixture of these 118 different elements
Most matter is a molecular mixture of these 118 different elements. Mostly THESE 12 elements.

4. ELEMENTS are the letters of our MATTER alphabet.

5. Like our language alphabet can make up all words…
the LETTERS in our ALPHABET…
…COMBINE to MAKE ALL OUR WORDS,
THIRSTY
TRIPPY
TROGDOR

6. ELEMENTS can combine to make ALL types of matter.
the LETTERS in our ALPHABET…
…COMBINE to MAKE ALL OUR WORDS,
DNA
H2O
polymers
show molecules off iPad.

7. ELEMENTS can combine to make ALL types of matter.
the LETTERS in our ALPHABET…
…COMBINE to MAKE ALL OUR WORDS,
DNA
H2O
polymers
show molecules off iPad.

8. And every element in the UNIVERSE is listed here.

9. quick note…

10. these 2 periodic tables are still the same…

11. To save space we usually don’t cram these 30 elements into the 6th & 7th rows.

12. To save space we usually don’t cram these 30 elements into the 6th & 7th rows. We keep them below.

13. SO MOST PERIODIC TABLES ARE PUT TOGETHER LIKE THIS..

14. And EVERY ELEMENT IS A DIFFERENT SIZED ATOM.

15. And EVERY ELEMENT IS A DIFFERENT SIZED ATOM.

19. The WHOLE number of each element (1 thru 118) is called its ATOMIC NUMBER

20. The WHOLE number of each element (1 thru 118) is called its ATOMIC NUMBER

21. The WHOLE number of each element (1 thru 118) is called its ATOMIC NUMBER

22. The WHOLE number of each element (1 thru 118) is called its ATOMIC NUMBER

23. Do you remember what the ATOMIC NUMBER represents?
look at my back wall, show with magnetic atoms and periodic table.
Do you remember what the ATOMIC NUMBER represents?

24. Can you tell what the ATOMIC number is?

25. Can you tell what the ATOMIC number is?

26. Can you tell what the ATOMIC number is?

27. The ATOMIC NUMBER is the number of PROTONS(+) in the center of EACH ELEMENT ATOM.

28. The ATOMIC NUMBER is the number of PROTONS (+) in the center of EACH ELEMENT ATOM.

29. ATOMIC NUMBER = NUMBER of PROTONS (+)
So, EACH ELEMENT (different type of atom) has a DIFFERENT number of PROTONS(+) in their atomic nucleus.

30. ATOMS!
BERYLLIUM is the only atom with _____ PROTONS(+)=ATOMIC NUMBER: 4

31. ATOMS!
BERYLLIUM is the only atom with FOUR PROTONS(+)=ATOMIC NUMBER: 4

32. CAN YOU IDENTIFY THIS ATOM?

33. THIS MUST BE A CARBON ATOM BECAUSE IT HAS ___ PROTONS!

34. atomic # = P(+)
THIS IS A CARBON ATOM BECAUSE IT HAS 6 PROTONS (+)!

35. Can you guess what atom this is? THE Protons(+) here are blue.

36. a scandium atom =21 protons(+)

37. if we put one more proton (+) into the nucleus of a scandium atom, what atom would it be then?

38. only titanium atoms have 22 protons(+)!

39. If THE Protons (+) here are blue, which atom is this?

40. Phosphorus=15 protons (+)

41. ITS NUMBER OF PROTONS (+) (atomic number) IS WHAT DEFINES EACH ELEMENT!

42. WHY CAN’T WE HAVE INFINITE TYPES OF ATOMS?

43. Our universe has only 118 different types of atoms...ELEMENTS…

44. …because each element has their own specific number of protons(+)
…because each element has their own specific number of protons(+). That’s why we only have 118 elements to build all matter.

45. You don’t have ½ protons inside atoms…

46. You don’t have ½ protons inside atoms…only whole ones!
btw…what element is this?

47. And you can’t have more than 100 or so protons crammed into a single atomic nucleus.
We’ve tried!

48. but it’s like baking too big a chocolate chip cookie…it really just falls apart.

49. Only the first 92 or so are stable, naturally occuring.

50. Only the first 92 or so are stable, naturally occuring
Only the first 92 or so are stable, naturally occuring. (The supersized ones scientists made in supercolliders & are unstable.)

51. SUPERCOLLIDERS are humongous, city-wide tunnels built underground.

53. These really long tunnels have super-ridiculous magnets that can accelerate single subatomic particles (like protons(+) or electrons(-)) round and round, faster and faster.
Why don’t these supercolliders accelerate neutrons(o)?

55. And if the scientists can aim these protons(+) or electrons(-) at single atoms floating in this magnetosphere TWO things can happen with this collision:
(physicists like Sheldon)

56. 1) the matter sticks together…

57. 1) the matter sticks together making a BIGGER type of ATOM…

58. LIKE THESE BIG UNSTABLE ELEMENTS

59. 2) the impact can break apart even other protons(+), neutrons(o) & electrons(-)

61. so, we have discovered that Protons & neutrons are made of quarks (up & down) and gluons!

63. We discovered that electrons(-) are MUCH tinier than the protons(+) & neutrons(o) and orbit WAY outside the atomic nucleus of protons(+) & neutrons(o)

64. We discovered that electrons(-) are MUCH tinier than the protons(+) & neutrons(o), AND electrons(-) orbit WAY outside the atomic nucleus of protons(+) & neutrons(o).

65. Wait a second, how many protons are here?
We discovered that electrons(-) are MUCH tinier than the protons(+) & neutrons(o), and electrons(-) orbit WAY outside the atomic nucleus of protons(+) & neutrons(o).
Wait a second, how many protons are here?

66. Wait a second, how many protons are here? 23!!!
We discovered that electrons(-) are MUCH tinier than the protons(+) & neutrons(o), and electrons(-) orbit WAY outside the atomic nucleus of protons(+) & neutrons(o).
Wait a second, how many protons are here? 23!!!

67. Technically, this is a VANADIUM atom
We discovered that electrons(-) are MUCH tinier than the protons(+) & neutrons(o), and electrons(-) orbit WAY outside the atomic nucleus of protons(+) & neutrons(o).
Technically, this is a VANADIUM atom

68. Scientists are able to compare the mass of protons(+), neutron(o) & electrons(-).
Particle
Relative mass
Relative charge
Mass (kg)
PROTONS(+) 1 +1
1.67 x 10-27
NEUTRONS(o)
ELECTRONS(-)
0.0005 -1
9.11 x 10-31

69. MOST MASS of an ATOM is in its center…the ATOMIC NUCLEUS.
electrons (-) are the tiniest, bounciest part of each atom.

70. MOST MASS of an atom is in its center…the ATOMIC NUCLEUS.
electrons (-) are the tiniest, bounciest part of each atom.

71. ATOMIC MASS = the number of PROTONS (+) & NEUTRONS (o)

72. ATOMIC MASS = the number of PROTONS (+) & NEUTRONS (o) and a smidge of weight from the electron (-)

73. The ATOMIC MASS is the decimal number usually below the element’s abbreviation.

74. # of protons(+) and neutrons(o)
What would you get if you subtract the ATOMIC NUMBER from the ATOMIC MASS?? ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER =??

75. 10.811 IS CLOSER TO 11 than 10. Those electrons are entirely too big.

76. ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = NUMBER OF NEUTRONS (o)

77. Let’s take Osmium for example…

78. Osmium is a really shiny silvery blue metal

79. What is Osmium used for?
Because of its high density and extreme hardness, osmium is often alloyed with other precious metals to make long-life products such as instrument pivots, phonograph needles, and electrical contacts.When naturally combined with iridium, it is used in fountain pen tips.

80. How do we find the number of neutrons in an Osmium atom?

81. Neutrons(o) = Atomic mass- atomic number

82. N(o) = Atomic mass- atomic number Neutrons(o) = 190 -

83. N(o) = Atomic mass- atomic number Neutrons(o) = 190 - 76

84. N(o) = Atomic mass- atomic number 190 – 76 = 114

85. One last thing…do atoms like to be charged?
atomic basics worksheet…
One last thing…do atoms like to be charged?

86. One last thing…do atoms like to be charged? NO!
atomic basics worksheet…
One last thing…do atoms like to be charged? NO!

87. That’s why MOST atoms have equal negative orbiting electrons(-) to balance the positive protons(+) inside.