1. The Growth of Industry 8-1
A New Way of Working
During the Colonial era most New Englanders were small farmers and made their own goods
What kinds of goods did people make for themselves?
In the Mid 1700s machines were invented that made goods faster & cheaper
Cloth, hand tools, farm equipment, household items, clothing, furniture

3. A woman working a power loom in a mill or factory

4. The Growth of Industry 8-1 The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid 1700s, then it made its way to the U.S. in the 1800s
How do you suppose it got to the U.S.?
Poor soil, weather, too much coal and iron
Farming was difficult in New England so many people were eager to leave home for a steady paycheck
What made farming difficult?

6. The Growth of Industry 8-1
New England was a good location for mills because it had a steady supply of rushing water
Why was water important?
Water was needed to power the machines
New England was close to natural resources like coal and iron & had many ports
Rushing river water provided power to the mills/factories. New England could use the ports to ship coal and iron to other places. It could also receive cotton from the south and spin it into cloth in its mill/factories.
Why were resources and ports important?

8. The Growth of Industry 8-1
Industry thrived in the U.S. under capitalism
Free enterprise: people can work wherever they want, they can make, buy or sell whatever they want – provided somebody wants it
Elements of free enterprise are profit, private property and economic freedom

9. The Growth of Industry 8-1
New Technology
New England had people, (labor) water (power), location (resources & ports) & capital
But, the Industrial Revolution could not have happened without advances in technology

10. The Growth of Industry 8-1
New Technology
The Spinning Jenny & Power Loom revolutionized the textile industry
The cotton gin allowed cotton to be cleaned 50 times faster!
Congress passed a patent law to protect inventors

11. After the cotton was spun into thread it could then be weaved into fabric.

12. The cotton gin was a remarkably simple design…which made it incredibly easy to duplicate

13. The Growth of Industry 8-1
New England Factories
Great Britain tried to protect their inventions to protect their markets
What does that mean?
Samuel Slater memorized designs and came to the U.S. with those designs
Where in the U.S. would Slater go?
Slater went to Rhode Island and duplicated all the machines from Great Britain

14. Pawtucket, Rhode Island was where Slater opened his mill

15. The Growth of Industry 8-1
Frances Cabot Lowell opened his own mill in Massachusetts
Lowell’s mill was the first to use the factory system: He brought several steps of manufacturing under one roof
Summary:

16. Economic Independence
A Changing Economy 8-1
Economic Independence
The demand for cotton grew as the textile industry grew
Most new businesses were financed by small investors
Taxes were low and there were few government regulations in place which allowed businesses to thrive

17. A Changing Economy 8-1
Cities Come of Age
The growth of factories meant the growth of towns & cities
Cities along rivers and the coast grew very quickly
Why do you suppose that is?
They had water power and could easily trade
Mill and factories built near rivers. Coasts had ports.
Older port cities like NYC & Boston grew even larger
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & Louisville all benefited from their proximity to major rivers

18. Cities had lots of problems: No sewers
A Changing Economy 8-1
Cities had lots of problems:
No sewers
animals often roamed the streets
fires posed a HUGE problem (buildings were very close to each other, made of wood, and few fire departments existed)
But, cities did have perks:
jobs
museums & libraries
shopping
Summary: