1. WWI Declared

2. Why this war was different
New weapons increased deaths
New techniques (trenches) led to the stalemate (4 years)
Stalemate – deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other
The idea of Total War: a war in which every available weapon is used and the nation's full financial resources are devoted
War around the world
Turn to page 823 and read about the human cost of this war.

3. New Weapons Long-range guns Machine guns Gas warfare Tanks Airplanes
Effects of Mustard Gas.
Tanks
Airplanes
Zeppelins

4. Trench Warfare… CREATES A STALEMATE
Western Front
German, French, and British armies dig 600 miles of trenches throughout France.
For 3 years both sides battle over narrow strip of land between the trenches.
“No man’s land”
Protected by mines and barbed wire.
Muddy and rat-infested– troops lived in their own “filth.”

9. “No mans land”

11. · German submarines, called U-boats, torpedoed enemy ships
· German submarines, called U-boats, torpedoed enemy ships and neutral ships trading with the enemy.

12. All Quiet on the Western Front
Read the excerpt from the classic WWI novel All Quiet on the Western front on page 828. Then prepare a response to the following questions. Be sure to back up your answers with specific evidence and reasoning!
How does Paul’s perspective of the Frenchman change after he dies?
How does this excerpt portray war?

13. · In 1915, a German submarine torpedoed the Lusitania, a British passenger ship, killing approximately 1,200 people, including 128 Americans.

14. · Americans were infuriated with the destruction of the Lusitania.

16. The Lusitania German U-boats patrol the North Atlantic shipping lanes.
May 7, British passenger boat is sunk by U-boats.
1,200 people are killed, including 128 Americans.
American State Dept. issues strong protests.
Germans issue a statement that ocean liners would no longer be targets.

17. Zimmerman Telegram
Text of the telegram sent by German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Ambassador to Mexico, January 19, 1917:
STRICTLY SECRET. DECODE YOURSELF.
The Coded Telegram WE INTEND TO BEGIN UNRESTRICTED U-BOAT WARFARE ON FEBRUARY FIRST. EFFORT WILL BE MADE NOTWITHSTANDING THIS TO KEEP THE UNITED STATES NEUTRAL.
IN THE EVENT THAT WE SHOULD NOT BE SUCCESSFUL IN THIS, WE PROPOSE ALLIANCE TO MEXICO UPON THE FOLLOWING BASIS: TO MAKE WAR TOGETHER; MAKE PEACE TOGETHER; GENEROUS FINANCIAL SUPPORT; AND AGREEMENT ON OUR PART THAT MEXICO SHALL RECONQUER THE FORMERLY LOST TERRITORY IN TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA.
ARRANGEMENT OF DETAILS TO BE LEFT TO YOUR HONOR. YOU SHOULD DISCLOSE THE FOREGOING TO THE PRESIDENT [OF MEXICO] IN STRICT SECRECY AS SOON AS OUTBREAK OF WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES IS CERTAIN AND ADD THE PROPOSAL [THAT HE SHALL) INVITE JAPAN TO IMMEDIATE SPONTANEOUS CONCURRENT EFFORT AND AT THE SAME TIME USE HIS GOOD OFFICES BETWEEN US AND JAPAN.
PLEASE CALL THE PRESIDENT'S ATTENTION TO THE FACT THAT THE RUTHLESS EMPLOYMENT OF OUR U-BOATS OFFERS THE PROSPECT OF FORCING ENGLAND IN A FEW MONTHS TO [MAKE] PEACE.
ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT.
ZIMMERMANN..

18. The Context Message from Germany to Mexico
Sent in 1917 (3 years after war had begun)
U.S. a neutral nation
Britain & France were on the brink of defeat by Germany
Germany was about to commence in unrestricted submarine warfare against anyone trading with allies
*Hint* Unrestricted warfare meaning, any ship traveling in a war zone could be sunk
Zimmerman Telegram was intercepted by British code breakers

19. Analyzing The Telegram
What is Germany about to commence?
How does Germany think the U.S. will act toward this policy?
What is Germany proposing to Mexico? (What will Mexico get if Germany wins the war?)

21. Write this Chart in Notes
Zimmerman Telegram
Write this Chart in Notes
Read the message that is passed out to you, then determine what you would want to do as a U.S. citizen. Make sure you develop a reason to defend your position within the historical context.
Declare War
Huge military spending
Thousands of deaths
Stake in the new world control
Lose land to Mexico
Increase technology
Neutrality
Profit from trade
No costly military
Seen as weak
Face potential invasion
Lose ships to German U-Boats
Dangerous Sea travel
Increase Defenses
but wait for attack
Moral support
United & vengeful attitude

22. What would you do as a U.S. resident?
Declare War
Huge military spending
Thousands of deaths
Stake in the new world control
Consequences of defeat
Neutrality
Profit from trade
No costly military
Seen as weak
Face potential invasion
Lose ships to German U-Boats
Dangerous Sea travel
Increase Defenses
but wait for attack
Moral support
United & vengeful attitude

23. The Zimmerman Telegram
Caused a U.S. public outcry
U.S. Declares war on Germany in 1917

24. America Enters the War
April 2, President Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany.
America has cultural ties to Britain, so America joined the Allies
Wants to “make the world safe for peace and democracy.”
Calls on Americans to support a “war effort.”

25. Germany Plans to end war early.
Create a western front before Russia could mobilize.
Invades France through Belgium.
Takes 18 days to defeat Belgium.
French able to get aid from 90,000 British troops.

26. How the War Ended
July The Germans launched an attack on the Allies (really wanted to beat the USA)
Germans pushed the Allies back 40 miles
But it exhausted the German Troops
By this time US troops were arriving by the thousands.
Allies launched counterattack and drove Germans back across France and Belgium
Germany asked the Allies for armistice (agreement to end fighting) in November 1918.

27. German Defeat
Kaiser Wilhelm II- ruler of Germany flees to the Netherlands.
November 11, 1918 at 11:00 a.m.- Germany signs the armistice and fighting ceases.
“On the eleventh hour, of the eleventh day, in the eleventh month…”

28. The Armistice Terms of the armistice Germans would evacuate France.
Germany would surrender all war materials and release all prisoners.

29. War Statistics America only fought for 6 months.
50,000 Americans killed.
10-13 million people killed
2 million Germans
4 million Russian, French, and British

30. Results of WWI American President Wilson’s Fourteen Points
List of his terms for resolving WWI and future wars
Treaty of Versailles
Germany blamed for the whole war
Germany had to pay 30 million (2.3 trillion) in reparations for war damages  This ruined Germany
Germans felt they were treated unfairly to have to take all the blame
This leads to WWII