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DO NOW What does MCHALES stand for? Mechanical Chemical Heat Atomic

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Presentation on theme: "DO NOW What does MCHALES stand for? Mechanical Chemical Heat Atomic"— Presentation transcript:

1 DO NOW What does MCHALES stand for? Mechanical Chemical Heat Atomic
Light Electric Sound

2 Light and Waves

3 Waves Waves carry energy without carrying matter.
Examples: water waves, sound waves, electromagnetic waves.

4

5 Parts of a Wave

6 Crest- the highest point of the wave.

7 Trough- the lowest point of the wave.

8 Wavelength- the distance from crest to crest.

9 Amplitude- the height of the wave from crest to mid point.

10 These waves have the same __________, but different ____________.

11 Greatest amplitude? Greatest wavelength? Greatest frequency?

12 Frequency depends on wavelength.
A short wavelength will have a high frequency. Frequency= Number of waves that pass by per second. (Units are Hertz)

13 Label the parts of the wave

14 Electromagnetic Waves vs. Mechanical Waves
Mechanical waves need to travel in a medium (in something like water or air) or else they don’t exist. Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space. (Radio waves, light, x-rays, UV light)

15 Mechanical Waves Transverse: Matter moves back and forth at right angles to the direction of the wave. Compressional Wave: Matter moves forward and backward in the same direction the wave travels.

16

17 Rarefaction

18

19 Speed of Mechanical Waves
Factors Affecting Speed Density More Dense = Faster Speed Temperature Colder = Slower Speed Light travels faster than sound Lightning and Thunder

20 Density and Speed in ALL States of Matter
Faster = Solids (More Dense) Slower = Gases (Less Dense) Indians would put their ears to the ground to hear a stampede

21 What kind of wave is sound?
Sound is a Mechanical, Compressional Wave! Larger amplitude = louder sound. Higher frequency = Higher pitch

22 Applications of Sound SONAR SOund Navigation And Ranging
High frequency, ultrasonic waves that measure distance Bounce back as an echo Used to map sea floor and find lost ships Ultrasonic Cleaning Sound waves disrupt dust particles Used for delicate objects Ex. – Jewlery Medicine Find abnormal growths or fluids in the body Sonograms Ultrasonic pictures of the developing fetus Continuous movements that X-Rays cannot show Physical Therapy uses it to produce heat

23 DO NOW What is the difference between a mechanical wave and an electromagnetic wave? Define a transverse wave and a compression wave.

24 Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum: The distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to energy. (frequency or wavelength)

25

26 Radio- Communications (AM/FM waves)
Microwaves- Microwaves cause water and fat molecules to vibrate; mobile phones, radar. Infrared- heat waves, remote controls, alarm systems, motion lights, night vision goggles Visible- you can see colors; CD players Ultraviolet- sun tanning (skin cancer), kill bacteria X-rays- health, luggage check at airport, cause cancer. Gamma Rays- very high energy waves, given off by stars and radioactive substances, used for radiation therapy to kill cancer cells. (Only blocked by concrete or lead.)

27 DO NOW How many different types of electromagnetic waves are there?
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum can we see?

28

29

30

31 Radio Waves

32 Microwaves

33 Infrared

34 VISIBLE

35 UV Ray

36 A week later, he took an X-ray photograph of his wife's hand which clearly revealed her wedding ring and her bones. The photograph electrified the general public and aroused great scientific interest in the new form of radiation. Roentgen called it "X" to indicate it was an unknown type of radiation. The name stuck, although (over Roentgen's objections), many of his colleagues suggested calling them Roentgen rays. They are still occasionally referred to as Roentgen rays in German-speaking countries. X-Ray

37 Gamma Ray

38 DO NOW What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength?
High frequency  small wavelength Which wave has the lowest frequency? Radio Highest frequency? Gamma

39 Spectrum of Visible Light
The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be further subdivided according to color.

40 The Visible Spectrum RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE INDIGO VIOLET

41 Which color of Visible Light has the longest wavelength?
RED

42 Which color of Visible Light has the highest frequency?
VIOLET

43 Which type of wave has the next highest frequency above violet?
ULTRAVIOLET

44 Which type of EM wave has the highest frequency?
GAMMA

45 Which type of EM wave has the lowest frequency?
RADIO

46 VISIBLE LIGHT ROY G. BIV

47

48 RED VIOLET

49 DO NOW What is different about each color in the visible light spectrum? How do you think your eye will know which color it is seeing?

50 Where did this light come from?
Your eye sees different colors because the light entering your eye has different wavelengths. Where did this light come from?

51 White Light What’s in white light?

52

53 Where did the other colors go?
They are ABSORBED

54 What colors does black reflect?
NONE: all are absorbed

55 DO NOW How does your eye know the difference between colors?
If your shirt appears red which colors are absorbed and reflected?

56 Reflection The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

57

58

59 PERISCOPE

60 NO Reflection

61 The Angle of Incidence must equal the angle of reflection!!!!

62 The Angle of Incidence must equal the angle of reflection!!!!

63 The Angle of Incidence must equal the angle of reflection!!!!

64

65 A material can be: Opaque: NO light passes through Translucent: Some light passes through Transparent: All light passes through

66 DO NOW What is the difference between opaque, translucent, transparent? Define reflection and refraction

67 Refraction Light bends because it slows down when it enters a new material (such as water). air water

68 Refraction Speed of light in AIR Speed of light in WATER
Light slows down when it enters a new material. Speed of light in AIR 300 million m/s Speed of light in WATER 227 million m/s Speed of light in GLASS 197 million m/s

69 Examples of Refraction

70 Objects appear to be bent or not where they really are!

71 This is how a prism works!

72

73

74 Rainbows happen because of Refraction

75 Water droplets act like prisms.

76 Water droplets act like prisms.

77

78 Refraction can magnify objects!

79 Convex vs Concave

80 Convex/Concave Lens Light converges (comes Together) and
Object appears larger Light spreads apart and Object appears smaller

81 Convex/Concave Surface

82 Convex/Concave Surface

83 Mirrors are opposite Object appears larger Object appears smaller
Object same size Object appears larger Object appears smaller

84 Interference When two waves hit each other. This can cause them to cancel out or add together.

85 Diffraction If the door is open can you hear sound from anywhere in the room? If the door is open can you see light coming in all over the room?

86 Diffraction Bending of waves around an obstacle
Example: Sound diffracts through an open door, light does not

87 Behavior of Waves Reflection- light rays bounce off
Refraction- Bending of light rays when passing through a new material Interference- When two waves hit each other Diffraction- Bending of waves around an object

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