1. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
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2. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Obstacle
The AIXM obstacle model satisfies the ICAO requirements for the provision of electronic obstacle databases (Annex 15, Chapter 10).
Changes as compared with version 4.5
Modified: Point, line, polygon
New: Obstacle Area, Association with other features
Note some particularities of this model:
VerticalStructure as core feature
The possibility to aggregate parts in the obstacle
horizontal projection as point, line or polygon
Lighting information
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3. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Let’s look at a real example of an obstacle and see how this can be encoded according to the model.
This upper represents a bridge in the south of France at Millau, which is tall as the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
A group of wind power generators can also constitute an obstacle.
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4. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Obstacle made of parts
Top elevation
343 m
Vertical extent
Horizontal extent - polygon
The Vertical structure can be encoded as a series of VerticalStructureParts.
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5. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Obstacle made of parts
The precision to which these parts are digitised depends on the operational requirements.
If only a rough precision is necessary, this is how a computer application will “see” this obstacle.
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6. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Obstacle made of parts
or, more detailed…
With many pore detailed parts, the precision of the digitization can be increased. However, overdoing this will generate a lot of useless data. It is very important that the operational requirements are stated correctly.
More details typically implies higher costs as well.
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7. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Obstacle area
A vertical structure is considered as an obstacle when it matches the criteria for one or more obstacle collection surfaces. Such obstacle collecttion surfaces are defined by ICAO Annex 15 (Area 1, 2, 3 & 4).
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8. Obstacle – features association
Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Obstacle – features association
The base vertical structure class and the ability to describe arbitrary vertical structures that may be located at aeronautical facilities. Generally used to represent buildings and other features important for airport mapping and airport facility management. It can also be used to represent navigation aids and other aeronautical features as vertical structures.
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9. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
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10. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Airport package
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11. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Airport/Heliport
New
Certification, Survey Control Points, Hot Spots
Non-movement area, work area, etc.
AMDB – runway/taxiway elements, etc.
Seaplane landing area
Modified
Runway Operational Point
Airport availability model
Runway, taxiway, etc. availability
Apron area availability
Pilot controlled lighting
Surface contamination model
This slide indicates the main changes as compared with version 4.5
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12. AirportHeliport feature
Digital AIM Training - AIXM
AirportHeliport feature
This diagrams shows the main properties of the AerodromeHeliport feature.
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13. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Airport mapping data
Construction Area
Stand Guidance Line
Note also that the AIXM model also covers the requirements for encoding airport mapping data. This is an industry standard which provides requirements for data used to create and display an airport map on an Electronic Flight Bag device (EFB). On this diagram, you can see an extract from the AMDB standard, which highlights the most important elements of an AMDB data set:
Runway geometries
Taxiway geometries
Apron geometries
De-icing areas
Etc.
The standard was developed by EUROCAE WG44 / RTCA SC217 and it is named « User requirements for aerodrome mapping information (ED99A/DO272A) »
The data actually upload in compliant EFB devices is encoded in the ARINC Embedded Aerodrome Database format specified by the ARINC 816 standard.
Although the production of an AMDB is not (yet) required by ICAO, the airport maps included in AIP actually contain 70%-80% of the AMDB data. AMDB are nice to have for Digital NOTAM applications, as they support graphical visualisation and graphical data input of Digital NOTAM, such as closed portion of a taxiway.
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14. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Runway
This diagram shows how runways and their properties are modelled, both for airplanes and helicopters.
Runways are mandatory associated with an AerodromeHeliport and have a property that allows distinguishing between normal runways, used by airplanes and "runway like" surfaces used by helicopters for final approach and take-off (FATO).
The properties of a runway include surface characteristics, marking, lenght, width, etc.
It is also possible to describe runway elements and the painted centreline, as required by the AMDB concept.
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15. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Runway Direction
This diagram shows the model for runway landing and take-off directions, which are associated with one runway.
Several operationally significant points can exist on the centreline of a runway direction, playing roles such as "threshold", "displaced threshold", "start of run", etc.
The lighting system installed before the threshold of a runway, providing a visual reference for aircraft landing on that runway, is modelled by the ApproachLightingSystem feature.
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16. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Taxiway
This diagram shows the main properties of the taxiway feature. It is also possible to describe portions of a taxiway, as 2D surfaces, as required by the AMDB concept.
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17. Guidance Lines vs. Taxiways
Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Guidance Lines vs. Taxiways
The concept of guidance allows to model the predefined trajectories that aircraft can follow on the airport surfaces. Such guidance lines are typically defined and marked on taxiways and aprons.
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18. Runway Operational Point
Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Runway Operational Point
The diagram for runway operational points shows that they may be also associated with declared operational distances, such as TORA, TODA, ASDA, etc.
In addition, GuidanceLines (taxilines) may be connected with the point, thus associating a declared distance with specific taxi entries for the runway direction.
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19. Airport usage restrictions
Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Airport usage restrictions
This diagram shows how airport/heliport availability information is modelled, as a complex property of the feature. The availability includes an operational status attribute and associated usage restrictions.
The AirportHeliportUsage class is derived from the generic UsageCondition class, which models permissions/restrictions based on type of flight, type of aircraft and/or MET conditions.
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20. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Airport services
This diagram shows the model for services that provide maintenance of the airport infrastructure and direct support to aircraft on the ground.
The model allows several services of the same type to be described. However, business rules might further restrict that:
- usually, there should be just one airport clearance service;
- several fire fighting services should exist only if they have non-overlapping Timetables;
- aircraft and passenger services should be grouped by service provider (the associated Unit).
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21. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
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22. Point and Navaid Package
Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Point and Navaid Package
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23. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Navaids
Changes as compared with version 4.5:
New: Navaid service and operational status
Modified: Navaid equipment
This diagram shows the separation between navaid equipment (the physical antenna) and the navaid service. For example, a VOR/DME is a navaid service, using two physical equipments.
NavaidComponent is used to describe the relationship of each equipment to the navaid service; equipment located together (collocatedGroup), etc.
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24. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Navaid Equipment
This diagram shows the equipments that can be used to compose Navaids.
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25. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Designated points
Diagram showing all relationships to Designated Point.
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26. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Significant Points
A "significant point" is a choice between a navaid, a designated point an airport position or even a simple geographical position.
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27. Digital AIM Training - AIXM
Questions?
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