1. Light and Sound

2. What is Light? - Light lets us see things!
- It is a form of energy that travels in waves
- Light can come from the sun or a lamp
A light ray is a light beam that goes straight
Pic: Cyclops from the X-Men

3. Types of Light There are lights you can see and lights you cannot see.
Light you can see = Visible lights
Light you cannot see = Invisible Lights
Visible Light: violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. Each different color has different wavelengths. For example, red has the longest wavelength. Our eyes can not detect the other types of light.
However, some animals can see other kinds of light. For example, a goldfish can see both infrared and ultraviolet lights! Many insects can see ultraviolet lights too.
The visible lights and the invisible lights, together, makes up the electromagnetic spectrum

4. How does Light Travel?
Light travels in a straight line until it hits something.
When it hits something it either gets reflected, absorbed, or refracted.
You can show this by using a laser or a flashlight.
Define: reflected=bounced off. refracted=bent.

5. Reflection When light hits a smooth, shiny surface,
light reflects, or bounces in another
direction.
You can easily show this with a mirror!

6. Light gets taken in by a surface.
Absorption
Light gets taken in
by a surface.

7. Colors Visible Light is made of the rainbow colors
The color an object has depends on the colors of light it reflects.
Explain colors: Color of an object is determined by which light waves it absorb and which it reflects.
Explain Prism: Can be used to show students how white light is made up of the rainbow colors.
Prism: A solid object that has two identical ends and all flat sides.
The seven different colors are: violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red.
Explanation for the color of an object: For example, when light hits an apple, the apple absorbs all the other color in the visible lights region and reflects the color red into our eyes.

8. When light bends as it passes through a surface.
Refraction
When light bends
as it passes through
a surface.
When light passes from one substance to another substance, like air to water, it might bend, or changes direction. This is called refraction. This is caused when light is slowed down by different material.

9. Transparent, Translucent, or Opaque?
transparent = light can pass through
opaque = light cannot pass through
translucent = some light can pass through
Explain Shadow:an area where direct light from a light source cannot reach due to obstruction by an object. When light hits an opaque or translucent object, it forms a shadow.
ex of transparent object: glass
ex of opaque object :wood

10. Speed of Light Speed is how fast something is.
Light can go around the world eight times in one second!
For teacher: Light travels at the speed of 300,000 kilometers per second.
Pic: Star Wars

11. What is Sound? Sound is the vibration that travels
through matter and can be heard when it
reaches a person’s ears.
vibration: back and forth movement or from side to side with quick movement.
matter: anything that occupies space

12. Speed of Sound Changes when passes through different matter.
Example, sound travels faster in water.
When an object moves faster than sound it is SUPERSONIC
Define matter: Anything that occupies space
In dry air, sound travels at 343 meters per second (768 mph). At this rate sound will travel one mile in around five seconds. Sound travels 4 times faster in water (1,482 meters per second) and around 13 times faster through steel (4,512 meters per second).
For example, since sound can travel through water faster than through the air, whales can hear each other even when they are nearly a hundred miles apart!
Pic: Sonic the Hedgehog

13. How Sound Travels 1. Vibration creates movement in air particles.
2. When these particles bump into each other, they create sound waves.
3. Anyone close to the vibrations will hear the sound produced by the waves.
Note: eardrum: a part of your ear that vibrates in response to sound waves

14. Sound Frequencies Slow vibrations = Low frequency, low pitch
Fast vibrations = High frequency, high pitch
High Frequency Notes Low Frequency Notes

15. The magnitude of sound High volume = loud Low volume = soft
volume is the magnitude of sound. magnitude is the total size of the effect.
Loud= lots of noise
Soft= quiet
Pic: Transformer

16. Vocabulary vibration light volume absorb opaque frequency refraction
reflection
bend
diffraction
prism
shadow
visible light
invisible light
vibration
volume
frequency
decibel
eardrum
mirror
opaque
transparent
translucent
matter
ray
sound
supersonic
speed
soft
loud
pitch
Light:
light: A form of energy that makes it possible to see things
absorb: take in or soak up
refraction: bending, or changing direction, of light
reflection- when light bounces off something
bend: when something changes direction
diffraction: slight bending of light as it passes around the edge of an object.
prism: A solid object that has two identical ends and all flat sides
shadow: An area where direct light from a light source cannot reach due to obstruction by an object.
visible light: light that you can see. (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet)
invisible light: light that you can not see
opaque: things that light can’t pass through
transparent: things that you can see through easily
translucent- lets a little light pass through (half see-through)
matter: anything that occupies space
ray: a beam of light
Sound:
sound: a form of energy that travels through vibrations
supersonic: term used to describe an object that exceeds the speed of sound
speed: How fast something moves
soft: when the volume is low.
loud: when the volume is high
pitch: the quality and the frequency of a sound
vibration: back and forth movement or from side to side with quick movement
volume: the magnitude of sound
frequency: the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time
decibel: Measure the intensity of sound
eardrum: a part of your ear that vibrates in response to sound waves Mirror: a reflective surface