1. Standard: SS6H6d
Explain the impact of European empire building in Africa and Asia on the out break of World War I

2. Essential Question: How did the existence of large European colonial empires in Africa and Asia impact the outbreak of World War I? (SS6H6d)

3. SS6H6d d. Explain the impact of European empire building in Africa and Asia on the outbreak of World War I.
Africa in 1914
Nearly all areas of Africa were controlled by European powers in 1914.

4. SS6H6d d. Explain the impact of European empire building in Africa and Asia on the outbreak of World War I.
Asia in 1914
Large portions of Asia were also controlled by European powers directly or by influencing local leaders

6. List the causes that led up
to World War I.

7. Causes of World War I (Take notes on graphic organizer)
Militarism – building up armed forces, getting ready for war (The more one nation built up its army and navy, the more other nations felt they had to do the same.) Alliances – agreements or promises to defend and help another country (The danger of these alliances was that an argument between two countries could draw all the other nations into a fight.) Imperialism – trying to build up an empire (powerful country that controls several less powerful countries)
Nationalism – having pride in your country, willing to defend it
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

8. There was fierce competition over land in Europe
Naval expansion was also extremely competitive, particularly between Germany and Great Britain.

9. Armies and navies were greatly expanded
Armies and navies were greatly expanded. The standing armies of France and Germany doubled in size between 1870 and 1914.

10. WWI Alliances 12

11. Alliance
An agreement among people or nations to unite for a common cause. Each member of an alliance agrees to help the other members in case one is attacked.

12. European countries had joined alliances to better protect themselves
European countries had joined alliances to better protect themselves. If one member was attacked, the others were obligated to help that country.

13. Distributed Summarizing
With a seat partner, discuss a time in your life when an alliance (with a friend, family member, or someone else) has caused problems. (Be prepared to share)
Do not use this summarizer. Use the Journal Entry.

14. Distributed Summarizing
Journal Entry: Allies are countries that have pledged to help one another in times of need. Name some of the people you would like to have as allies the next time you are in a difficult situation. Explain your choices. (Must be five sentences)

17. Nationalism
Pride in one’s country; nations sought their own interests over others
In the 19th century, nationalism took the form of people struggling for independence
Serbia was at the center of the nationalist movement in an area of Europe known as the Balkans
What happened in the Balkans was a spark that started the war.
Serbia considered Austria-Hungary as an enemy because Serbs in Austria-Hungary wanted to unite with Serbia and create a larger Serbian state

18. What sparked it all?

19. The events that followed…
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Because of the assasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June of 1914 by a member of a nationalistic secret Serbian society, the emperor of Austria-Hungary declared war of Serbia.

20. The events that followed…
Russia sent troops to defend Serbia
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Russia sent troops to defend Serbia because Russia had a separate treaty with Serbia. Russia supported Serbia because they were both of a similar ethnic backgrounds.

21. The events that followed…
Germany declared war on Russia
Russia sent troops to defend Serbia
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Since Germany had a treaty with Austria- Hungary (the Triple Alliance), Germany declared war on Russia.

22. The events that followed…
Germany declared war on France
Germany declared war on Russia
Russia sent troops to defend Serbia
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
France had a treaty with Russia (the Triple Entente) so Germany declared war against France.

23. The events that followed…
And so the war begins!
Germany declared war on France
Germany declared war on Russia
Russia sent troops to defend Serbia
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

24. Things changed during the war
The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente turned into these two WWI alliances.
The Central powers
Austria-Hungary Germany Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
The Allied Powers
Russia France United Kingdom Italy United States
The Triple Alliance plus more formed the Center Powers
The Triple Entente plus more formed the Allied Powers

26. Statistics from WWI Nation Total Number of servicemen in the war.
Number of deaths
Number of soldiers wounded
Number of men taken prisoner or reported missing
Austria
7,800,000
1,200,000
3,620,000
2,200,000
Britain
8,904,467
908,371
2,090,212
191,652
France
8,410,000
1,357,800
4,266,000
537,000
Germany
11,000,000
17,737,000
4,216,058
1,152,800
Italy
5,615,000
650,000
947,000
600,000
Russia
12,000,000
1,700,000
4,950,000
2,500,000
Turkey
2,850,000
325,000
400,000
250,000
U.S.
4,355,000
126,000
234,300
4,500

27. Some of the Technological Advances from WWI
Tank
Aircraft
Machine Gun
Gas used as a weapon
Flamethrower

28. Distributed Summarizing
Could World War I have been prevented? Why or why not? Would we have had the technological advances without WWI?

29. STOP

30. Standard: SS6H7a
Describe major developments following World War I: the Russian Revolution, the Treaty of Versailles, worldwide depression, and the rise of Nazism

31. Russia: A Background Nicholas II – autocratic and ineffective
He ruled a country covering one-sixth of the earth’s total land surface
He had massive personal wealth
He was backed by an army of 1 million and secret police
Political parties banned – critics ended up in prison or exile
Press was censored

32. Russia: A Background
Many Russians worshipped the Tsar and peasants typically had a picture of the Tsar on a wall of their hut.
His word was law
He appointed his ministers
But did not have to listen to them
AND could ‘hire and fire’ them at will
He was a true autocrat.

34. Russia was… Only 40% ethnic Russians
80% were peasants – subsistence farmers
60%+ = illiterate
Life expectancy = 40
Low tech and low investment
Land ownership rare
Land owned by the Commune
It also organized taxes and allotted strips of land to each household

35. Distributed Summarizing
During the time described, Russia was like ____________ because _________________________.
Share your answer with a partner.

36. Russian Revolution
Russian revolution started in 1917 and had two parts.
The first part was the February Revolution in which the czar (Tsar, national ruler) was overthrown.
People were unhappy about how the czar and his government were running the country. People were starving while the aristocracy was living in luxury.
People were also upset about their participation in the war.

37. Russian Revolution
The Russian army was big but poorly equipped; the army lost battles which lowered civilian and military morale
The czar was seen as a poor military and political leader while his German wife (tsarina) was left in charge of the government and was influenced by a man many thought was crazy (Rasputin)
There were not enough workers in the factories and farms which caused shortages of food and materials
The railway system was weak; therefore, troops nor towns could get supplies

38. Russian Revolution
The second part of the Russian Revolution was the October Revolution (Bolshevik Revolution)
The October Revolution was led by Vladimir Lenin
After two years of civil war, the communist forces gained control
Russia became the communist country of the Soviet Union
Communism continued in Russia until nearly the end of the century

39. Watch the United Streaming video clip: Russian Revolution (Time - 9:31; the first few minutes link to previous video clips)

40. The Russian Revolution
– A series of Crises
1905 – Russo-Japanese War
WWI –
Japan wins some key islands once owned by Russia
An unmitigated disaster for Russia. Weak generals, poorly equipped troops (some sent with no gun!) 4 million Russian soldiers die in the first year. The war drained the government money reserves and food shortages begin.
Bloody Sunday (January 22, 1905)
Peasants approach the Czar’s winter palace in St. Petersburg with a petition asking for better work conditions and food. Troops opened fire on the crowd of women and children and as many as 1000 die.
Rasputin
The Duma
Nicholas II goes to the front, his wife turns to a holy man/psychic for help in running the government. Russians are furious about this.
a legislative body made by the Czar in response to national unrest – he
dissolved it weeks later. Others met, yet did nothing.
Czar Nicholas II is overthrown. He and his family are executed.

41. Distributed Summarizing
With a partner, discuss why the Russian Revolution occurred and what happened to Russia because of the revolution. Write your answers on the Major Developments in Europe After WWI sheet.

42. Leaders come together to decide the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
The War is Over!
Leaders come together to decide the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

43. The Treaty of Versailles (add requirements of the treaty to Major Developments sheet)
The Treaty of Versailles officially ended WWI
It forced Germany to accept responsibility for causing the war
It required Germany to pay reparations (payments) to other countries for their losses and damage
It required Germany to give up 1 million square miles of land (size of Alaska and Texas combined) much of which was rich in natural resources (Why does this matter?)
It required Germany to limit its armed forces
The U.S. did not sign the Treaty of Versailles
Students write information on the Major Developments in Europe After WWI sheet

44. The Treaty of Versailles
In 1919, this treaty put an official end to World War I. Since Germany was the loser, they had to agree to its provisions:
Restricted German armed forces
Created the League of Nations
Loss of Territory
The purpose of the organization was to arbitrate conflicts between nations before they lead to war.
Loss of German colonies around the world, and loss of German territory to France, Denmark, and Poland.
Reparations
It required that Germany accept responsibility for the war and was thus obliged to pay large amounts of compensation to other countries. Officially put at $33,000,000,000, a sum that many economists deemed to be excessive. The economic problems that the payments brought are cited as one of the causes of the rise of dictator Adolf Hitler, and inevitably led to the outbreak World War II.

45. Listen to the National Public Radio story about Germany making its last reparation payment in September 2010.

46. The World After World War I
Do a Word Splash with students brainstorming what they think the world was like after World War I. This discussion should lead to soldiers coming back with no jobs available; European cities damaged because of war; nations had war debt to repay. Ask questions such as what about Germany and their economy; what about other countries that lost land, did this impact them; what happened to cities during the war and how would this impact them after the war ended

47. What do you think the world was like after World War I?
Explain the outcome of Germany and their economy after WWI.

48. Worldwide Depression
Stock Market crash of 1929 – the financial affects were felt around the world.
Street scene on Black Thursday, Oct. 24, 1929, the day the New York stock market crashed and the day that many mark as the beginning of the Great Depression.

49. After WWI and worldwide depression
WWI affected the European economy because nations had war debt to repay
Soldiers came home needing jobs, but there were not enough. Unemployment skyrocketed.
In 1929, the stock market crash led to depression in the U.S. but also all over the world
Countries experienced Inflation (a condition where prices rise and money loses value; therefore, you cannot buy as much as you used to with the same amount of money)
After discussing how soldiers returned but they could not find jobs, play the 1900’s song “Stony Broke in No Man’s Land” for a few minutes and have the students describe the issues

50. After WWI and worldwide depression
Industry, shipping, and trade between countries were affected
Around the world, unrest and nationalism grew, people wanted strong leadership to make their countries rich and powerful again
However, the Great Depression weakened many countries when they needed to be strong. Why is this significant?
Students should add important information to Major Developments sheet. You may want to do the Germany After World War I handouts before moving to the rise of Nazism.

51. Image you are living in Germany after World War I
Image you are living in Germany after World War I. The world is in the middle of a depression. You do not have enough food, you do not have a job, and you do not believe the leaders of your country can improve the situation. On top of that, your country, the place where you were born and have lived all of your life is being blamed and punished for World War I. Now, watch a video clip of Hitler delivering a speech years later Why do you think the German people followed Hitler?

52. Rise of Nazism
The democratic government in Germany after World War I (Weimar Republic) faced major problems
A political party called the Nazi Party attracted the attention of dissatisfied Germans
The Nazi Party’s leader, Adolf Hitler, described ideas to strengthen Germany
Hitler also believed that Aryans (Germans) were the “master race”; he had racist feelings about Jews, Slavs, gypsies, and blacks
The Nazi Party believed in fascism (where a strong central government is controlled by the military and run by a dictator)

53. The Rise of Nazism
After the defeat in the First World War, Germany becomes a democracy. Social Democrats and Liberal parties form the new government. The enormous costs of the war cause rampant inflation. Unemployment rises to over five million. Large parts of the population live in fear of falling back into 19th-century poverty. Nationalist parties and the newly founded National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) blame the democratic constitution, the parties supporting the new republic and the unjust provisions of the peace treaty of Versailles for the chaos.
But above all it is "the Jew" who is being blamed: The German worker is being ruined by "Jewish Capital" and threatened by "Jewish Bolshevism" that wants to turn him into a slave.
The Nazi party under the leadership of Adolf Hitler gains more votes in every election. It promises to "restore honor" to the Germans, to renew political order and to bring back "work and bread."

54. Why Nazism grew
Nazis offered solutions for Germany’s economic problems
Nazis appealed to German nationalism by calling for a larger military and an increase in German territory (violation of Treaty of Versailles)
Nazis united Germans against Jews by blaming them for the problems
Nazis assured Germans they could protect them from enemies
Nazis organized groups to threaten anyone who opposed them so few spoke out
Students should add important information to their Major Developments sheet

55. Summarizing Strategy
Imagine that you are living in Europe during the 1900s, but you have other family members living on another continent. Write a post card to your relatives describing the events that you have witnessed from 1913 to Include World War I and its MAIN causes, the Russian Revolution, economic depression, and the rise of Nazism.
This could be the writing sample for student-led conference and Mustangs writing to learn.

56. STOP

57. SS6H7B
Explain the impact of WWII in terms of the Holocaust, the origins of the Cold War, and the rise of Superpowers.

58. Explain the impact of WWII in terms of the Holocaust, the origins of the Cold War, and the rise of Superpowers.
Movie poster: The Eternal Jew
German Propaganda
The United States and the Soviet Union
Vie for power.

59. An estimated 12 million people died in the holocaust.
Hitler blamed Germany’s problems on the Jews.
As Hitler's plan unfolded, mass arrests of Jews were ordered. Men, women and children of all ages were herded into town squares and railway yards in cities throughout Europe. Adults with a trade and in good physical health were taken to work camps where they were forced to work as slaves to supply the German army with food, clothing, weapons and ammunition.
Adults who were sick or too weak to work were taken to death camps where they were either hanged, shot or gassed to death by the thousands. Their bodies, stripped of clothing, jewelry and even the gold fillings in their teeth, were either dumped and buried in mass graves or cremated in large ovens and open pits.
Many school-aged children suffered the same fate as the sick and elderly. Some were spared the death camps, but their fate was just as horrible. They were used as subjects in all kinds of medical experiments. Some were given germs that caused diseases, and once sick, injected with experimental medicines to study how the human body would respond.
An estimated 12 million people died in the holocaust.
The full story.

60. Origins of the Cold War
The cold war began with mistrust between the Soviet Union and the western democracies especially the United States.
So why were these two super powers so distrustful of the other?
Causes of the Cold War
United States
Soviet Union
Free Elections
No Elections or fixed elections
Democratic
Autocratic/Dictatorship
Capitalist
Communist
Survival of the fittest
Everybody helps everyone else
Richest world power
Poor economic base
Personal freedom
Society controlled by the secret police
Freedom of the media
Total censorship
* American fear of communist attack
* Truman’s dislike of Stalin
* Russia’s fear of the American's atomic bomb 
* Russia’s dislike of capitalism
* Russia’s actions in the Soviet zone of Germany
* America’s refusal to share nuclear secrets
* Russia’s expansion west into Eastern Europe + broken election promises
* Russia’s fear of American attack
* Russia’s need for a secure western border
* Russia’s aim of spreading world communism

61. The Rise of Superpowers
To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering military, immense international political power and, a strong national ideology.
1945
United States
Soviet Union
British Empire
British Commonwealth

62. SS6H7C
Explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Cold War and German reunification

63. Explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Cold War and German reunification.
Reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union
First, the Soviets underestimated the degree to which the non-Russian ethnic groups in the country (which was more than fifty percent of the total population) would resist assimilation into a Russianized State.
Second, their economic planning failed to meet the needs of the State, which was caught up in a vicious arms race with the United States (more spending on military needs than the peoples needs). This led to gradual economic decline, eventually necessitating the need for reform.
Finally, the ideology of Communism, which the Soviet Government worked to instill in the hearts and minds of its population, never took firm root, and eventually lost whatever influence it had originally carried.
In December of 1991, as the world watched in amazement, the Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries.

64. German Reunification
Unification means making two or more parts as one.
From 1945 until 1990, Germany was divided into two countries: East Germany and West Germany. East Germany had a Communist government and West Germany was a democracy. The city of Berlin was also divided. East Berlin became the capital of East Germany and West Berlin was a part of West Germany.
The German reunification took place on October 3, 1990, when East Germany again became a part of the Federal Republic of Germany. The wall that divided East and West Berlin, a symbol of the Iron Curtain that divided the country, came down. People were now free to travel all over Germany.

65. Review Questions
What happened to Germany after World War II ? Germany was divided into two countries- East Germany (Communist) and West Germany (democracy). What symbol during the cold war divided Germany and was torn down after the cold war was over? Berlin Wall What lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union? Poor economy, Lack of concern for citizen’s needs, resistance to communism

66. References http://www.geocities.com/SouthBeach/Palms/2460/causes.html

67. The End
Created by Debra Harrington – Yeager Middle School