1. Spineless Wonders: A Survey of the Invertebrates

2. Amoebas, Foraminifera, Radiolaria, etc.
Phylum: Protista
Amoebas, Foraminifera, Radiolaria, etc.

3. Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
Single layer of tissue
(collared cells)

4. Phylum Cnidaria / Coelenterata
2 layers of tissue:
ectoderm, endoderm

5. 2 tissue layers: ectoderm, endoderm
Phylum Cnidaria / Coelenterata
Hydra
hard corals
sea pens
sea anemones
soft corals
jellyfish
2 tissue layers: ectoderm, endoderm

6. “Worms” - 3 tissue layers ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

7. Phylum Brachiopoda (“arm foot”)
Key Features: pedicle, gut, muscles, lophophore

8. Phylum: Bryozoa (“moss animals”)
Key Features:
Colonial Habit
Have Lophophore

9. Key Features: 5-fold symmetry, calcite plates
Phylum Echinodermata (“spiny skin”)
Sea urchins
Brittlestars
Crinoids
Starfish
Sea cucumbers
Key Features: 5-fold symmetry, calcite plates

10. (hypothetical ancestral mollusc)
Phylum Mollusca
HAM
(hypothetical ancestral mollusc)
Key Features:
gut
mantle cavity
radula (rasper)
gills
foot

11. Phylum: Arthropoda Insects Spiders Crabs Lobsters Barnacles Etc.
trilobites
eurypterids
Key Features:
Jointed appendages
3-fold division of body
(head, thorax, abdomen)
scorpions
shrimps

12. Phylum Mollusca Gastropods Bivalves
Cephalopods (squids, octopuses, cuttlefish, ammonoids)

13. (preoral lobe, collar, trunk)
Phylum: Hemichordata
Key Characteristics:
3-part division of body
(preoral lobe, collar, trunk)
Pharynx
Gill slits
Stomochord
Pterobranchs
Graptolites
Acorn worms

14. Sea squirts and salps (Urochordates)
Phylum: Chordata
Key Features:
notochord
dorsal nerve cord,
pharynx
gills slits
post-anal tail
Sea squirts and salps (Urochordates)
Amphioxus (lancelet)
(Cephalochordates)

15. END OF LECTURE