1. The Development of Christianity
1 C.E.
Chapter 5-4

2. Religion in the Roman Empire
During the rule of Augustus , many Romans continued to prey to the gods adopted from Greek mythology. In addition, former emperors, such as Julius Caesar were made Gods after their death.
Romans credited their empires growth to their gods. The Roman politician, Cicero states “ e have overcome all the nations of the world, because we have realized that the world is directed & governed by the gods.”
Though Romans brought their religion with them to newly conquered lands, they were tolerant of other religions and allowe3d natives to continue worshipping their own gods.

3. Judaism in the Empire
In 6 C.E. , the territory of Judea, which lies in the lands of the old Jewish Kingdom of Judah once stood, came into the hands of the Roman empire.
Jews differed as to how to co exist with the Roman rulers.
- Sadducees, asked for cooperation from the Jews & Romans . He believed that they could coexist.
- Pharisees, on the other hand, asked Jews to continue following religious laws, that God would protect them ( Based on the belief that Jews were Gods chosen people & he would protect them if the did right by him.)

4. The Rise of Christianity
After a Jewish rebellion, Romans destroyed a sacred temple in Jerusalem.
A movement based of the teachings of a Jew named Jesus gained great popularity amongst the Roman Empire.
- Originally a movement within Judaism, Christianity would soon attract non-Jews, thus growing in Large numbers the amount of people following the new religion.

5. The Teachings of Jesus
Jesus, himself Jewish, believed that his mission was to complete the salvation that God had promised to Israel throughout its history.
Jesus teachings centered around humility, charity, and love towards others. These concepts later shaped the value system of Western civilization.
Jesus was seen as a possible threat to Rome & was eventually crucified under the orders of Pontius Pilate, the procurator who governed a territory based on the direction gave.

6. Christianity spreads throughout the Empire
Following the death of Jesus , 2 of his followers or apostles began spreading the teachings of Jesus.
- Peter who was a follower of Jesus during his life & Paul , who joined the movement & later on founded and established the 1st Christian communities.
Paul’s message centered on the belief that Jesus was God’s son. It also claimed that Jesus was the messiah. (This is a claim most Jews today reject.)

7. Roman Persecution
Although romans were tolerable of others religion, the one exception came when that religion interfered with the Roman State.
As the number of Christians grew within the Roman empire, these followers of the teachings of Jesus refused to worship Roman Gods (especially former emperors who had been made gods.)
- Worshiping these idols came in direct conflict with Jesus’ teachings & the 1st commandment.
* Persecution of Christians reached it’s height during the reign of Nero.

8. Roman empire adopts Christianity
As persecution of the Christians continued, it had the adverse effects the Romans wanted. Instead of scaring people away from Christianity, its numbers grew.
A new system had also developed within Christianity at the time, leading to a more organized religion.
- At the top of a Christian church you had the clergy, who were the leaders of the church and the Laity, or the regular church members.
In 313 C.E. The Roman emperor Constantine became the 1st Roman emperor to become Christian. He also issued the “ Edict of Milan” which proclaimed tolerance of Christianity within the Empire.
Theodosius the Great , another Christian emperor officially makes Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.