1. Unit 8 The Early Middle Ages
Day 3 – Standard 9d, 10a
Invasions & Trade Routes

2. Learning Objectives
Review and refine our understanding of Feudalism, the Manor System, and the invaders who terrorized Europe and strengthened the Feudal System.
Learn about the trade routes that connected the eastern hemisphere during the Early Middle Ages.

3. Invasions, Settlements and Influence of Migratory Groups (9d)
Between 800 and 1000, repeated invasions destroy the reign of Frankish rulers
Invasions by Angles, Saxons, Vikings, and Magyars disrupted the social, economic, and political order of Europe
Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist in 987

4. Angles and Saxons
Angles and Saxons migrated to England from continental Europe
Were Germanic people that invaded England in the 5th century
Angles
Saxons
The Angle language was known as Englisc, the name they eventually gave England

5. Vikings migrated from Scandinavia; settled in Russia
A Germanic people from a wintry, wooded region called Scandinavia
Worshipped warlike gods
Were raiders, traders & explorers
Viking ships allowed for quick raids throughout Europe
Gradually accepted Christianity & Viking terror in Europe ceased

6. Viking Ships and Warriors
Replica of a Viking helmet found in Norway
Viking warriors

7. Magyars Magyars migrated from Central Asia and settled in Hungary
Nomadic people from plains of Central Asia
Migrated across eastern European Russia steppes in 9th century
Were fierce horseback riders
Raided into heart of western Europe; attacked villages and monasteries
Captured people sold as slaves

8. Angles, Saxons, Magyars and Viking invasions led to:
Rise of the manorial system strengthened (i.e., reinforced) the feudal system
Feudal system was based on protection for services (work)
Manorial system featured manors (the lord’s estate)
Manorial system is the basic economic arrangement during the Middle Ages
It was an agreement between lord and his serfs (i.e., housing, farmland and protection in exchange for labor)
Building of castles for protection from invaders
Disruption of trade & decline of cities and towns

9. Major Trade Routes During the Medieval Period (10a)
During the Medieval Period, several major trading routes developed in the Eastern Hemisphere
These major trading routes developed among Europe, Africa and Asia from 1000 to 1500
Silk roads across Asia to Mediterranean basin
Maritime routes across Indian Ocean
Trans-Sahara routes across North Africa
Northern European links with Black Sea
Western European sea and river trade
South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia

10. Silk Roads spread across Asia to the Mediterranean Basin
Silk Roads spread across Asia to the Mediterranean Basin. Silk, paper and porcelain came from China. They were major trade routes that connected Asia to Mediterranean Basin

11. Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Trans-Saharan routes crossed North Africa
Salt from Sahara Desert was traded for gold from West African goldfields
Gold trade helped spread Islam into West Africa

12. Indian Ocean Maritime Routes
Northern European Links with Black Sea
Indian Ocean Maritime Routes
Indian Ocean maritime routes spread new products to Europe & Middle East such as sugar & textiles from India. Spices came from around the Indian Ocean
Germanic peoples of Northern Europe traded with peoples of Black Sea region
Furs, iron, wax, honey, timber, slaves, and Amber were traded.

13. South China Sea and Lands of Southeast Asia
Western European Sea and River Trade
Major Trading Routes
Pacific Ocean
South China Sea

14. Trading of Goods, Influences and Diffusion of Goods and Ideas (10b)
Regional trade networks and long-distance trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere aided the diffusion and exchange of technology and culture between Europe, Africa and Asia
Trade encouraged cultural diffusion:
Goods
Technology
Ideas

15. Trade of goods encouraged cultural diffusion
Gold from West Africa (trade for gold also spreads Islam into West Africa)
Spices from lands around Indian Ocean
Textiles from India, China, the Middle East, and later Europe
Porcelain from China and Persia
Amber from Baltic region
Trade of technology encouraged cultural diffusion
Paper from China made its way through Muslim world to Byzantium and Western Europe
New crops from India for making sugar (i.e., sugarcane)
Waterwheels and windmills (from Middle East)
Navigation
Compass from China
Lateen sail from Indian Ocean region

16. Trade of ideas encouraged cultural diffusion
Spread of religions across the hemisphere
Buddhism from China to Korea and Japan
Hinduism and Buddhism from India to Southeast Asia
Islam into West Africa (primarily due to gold trade), Central and Southeast Asia
Printing and paper money from China

17. Exit Ticket
I can, in writing, describe how trade routes affected the diffusion (or spread) of goods, technology, and ideas.