1. Korea
and
Vietnam

3. Descent
From hunting and herding peoples of Siberia and Manchuria….not Mongolia

4. Chinese introduction 109 BCE
Earliest Korean kingdom conquered by the Emperor Wudi
Korea divided into three “states”
- Koguryo: North, resisted Chinese rule, constantly at war with southern half
- Silla and Paekche: Southern states

5. Sinification Sinification: extensive adoption of Chinese culture
Sinfication of Korea:
Adopted buddhism
Chinese writing introduced
Unifed law code
Established universities
Chinese style bureaucracy

6. Tang Alliances Made alliance with Silla
668 CE Silla became independent rulers of united Korea, until early 20th century
Regular tribute
Submission as vassal to emperor
China withdrew from Korea

7. Tribute
Chinese influence peaked with Silla ( ) and Koryo dynasty ( )
Tribute guaranteed continued peace
Major channel of trade and intercultural exchange

8. Korean Elite Culture
Kumsong: capital rebuilt by Silla to resemble Tang capital
Aristocrats
Mostly located in capital
Studied in Chinese schools
Pursued arts/entertainment
Reproduced Chinese art
Positions in government: by virtue of birth and family connections, rather than knowledge

9. Civilization of the few
Imports from China monopolized by elite
Filled most positions in bureaucracy
Dominated life in the kingdom
Artisans/Merchants: limited life styles
Artisans: considered lower status and poorly pai
Merchants: weak, never formed distinctive class
Classes: aristocrats, government functionaries, commoners, near-slaves

10. Koryo collapse 1231 CE Mongol invasions Yi dynasty formed
Established in 1392
Ruled until 1910
Restored aristocratic domincance and links to China

12. Making of Vietnam Nam Viet Name given by Chinese
Meaning “peoples in the south”
Chinese left little lasting initial presence, except in trade
Silk for
Ivory
Tortoise shells
Pearls
Peacock feathers
Aromatic woods
Other exotics
Ethnicity of Vietnamese
Intermarried with Mon-Khmer and Tai peoples to form ethnic identity of today

13. Cultural features Language not related to Chinese
Strong village autonomy
Favored nuclear family
No clan networks
Women had more freedom and influence
Dressed differently
Enjoyed cockfights
Chewed betel nut
Developed and refined art, literature, and poetry separate from China

15. Sinification of Vietnam
China left along until 111 BCE
Vietnamese elite realized learning potential and cooperated
Developed:
Bureaucracy
Chinese-style schools
Wrote in Chinese script
Memorized classics
Took administrative exams
Introduced cropping and irrigation techniques
Eventually adopted extended family model and veration of ancestors

16. Winning Independence Resistance movements common
Writing and poetry filled with determination against Chinese dominance
Trang Sisters revolt – 39 CE
939 CE: massive rebellion that secured Vietnamese independence
Maintained until 19th century with invasion of the French and Roman Catholicism
Two capitals:
Hanoi – Trinh family rule
Hue – Nguyen family rule
Both had goals to unite Vietnam under single monarchy