1. Age of Enlightenment

2. 1688-1789 Reasons for Revolution
Situated the authority of government on earth, not in heaven
Rejects the theory of ‘divine right of kings’ in favor of theory that government received its powers from the consent of the people
Creation of effective bureaucracy to administer the affairs of the government
Principle of merit, not personal or hereditary connections
Extended power over the state of people previously excluded
Growth of business as private profit
Revolution leaders able to promote their ideals to new areas
Leads to wars of unknown degrees of military mobilization, geographical extent, and human destruction

3. The Scientific Revolution
A community of scientists were created in the 17th century
Four new qualities were added to the study of science:
Mathematical formulations- quantifying and expressing relationships in nature in mathematical forms
Empiricism- accepting the evidence of direct observation over theoretical and philosophical explanations
Technological innovations in equipment- telescope and microscope
Belief in the freedom of inquiry-follow findings and imagination regardless of opinion or doctrine

4. Nicholas Copernicus Sun centered universe
Not an earth centered universe
Caused many problems with the Catholic Church, which had adopted the earth centered universe as church doctrine
Circular orbit of planets

5. Joannes Kepler Sun centered universe All planets orbit around the sun
Planet orbits are ellipses not circles
They moved at varying speeds depending on their position on the ellipse

6. Galileo Galilei Used the telescope to look at the sky
The Milky Way- collection of stars
Moons surface was irregular
Moons light is reflection from sun
Was able to prove through sight that the sun was in fact the center of the universe

7. Isaac Newton Studied calculus
Optics- how lights passes through a prism
Law of gravity
Universal law of gravitation and inertia
When something is set in motion it stays in motion in the same direction