1. ENEL 353 Digital Circuits Norm Bartley and Steve Norman
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
ENEL Digital Circuits
ENEL Digital Circuits

2. Today Introduction Digital vs. Analog Course Overview Course Format
ENEL Digital Circuits

3. Introduction Digital Systems are everywhere!
Digital Communication Systems.
Transportation of information in digital electronic form.
HDTV, digital satellite radio, etc.
Mobile phone technology: iPhones, Androids, etc.
The Internet!
Computer Systems.
Calculators, PCs, parallel computing and supercomputers.
Games consoles (PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Wii U).
Microcontrollers and embedded systems.
ENEL Digital Circuits

4. The Intel Core i7 quad core (2014)
The Univac I (1951)
5200 vacuum tubes
13 tonnes, 125 KW
$1.25M a pop
525 msec addition time
2150 msec multiplication
The Intel Core i7 quad core (2014)
731,000,000 transistors
84 W
$ a pop (3.6 GHz)
~286 psec cycle time
Advanced ILP; AVX2 technology, etc.
63 years
ENEL Digital Circuits

5. Digital signal processing systems.
Consumer electronics.
Audio recordings on CDs stored as 16-bit signed integers, 44.1 KHz sample rate.
iPods, MP3 players.
DVDs, Blu-Ray, 4K discs. Podcasts, video on demand.
Smart phones.
Handheld and mobile GPS systems.
Digital signal processing systems.
Extracting useful information from digitized electric signals.
Remote sensing, satellite technology.
Solar system exploration (e.g., the moon, asteroids, all of the planets).
ENEL Digital Circuits

6. Many Other Applications.
Control of fuel-air mixtures in fuel-injections systems controlled by embedded processors.
Advanced robotics, autonomous vehicles.
Movie special effects.
Household appliances.
Etc …
ENEL Digital Circuits

7. Analog vs. Digital Real-world “Analog” signals.
In the real world of electrical systems, electrical quantities such as voltage and current are continuous-level as a function of continuous-time.
This might be part of a speech or music waveform as produced by a microphone.
ENEL Digital Circuits

8. Digital-world signals (e.g., on a music CD).
In the digital world, such a voltage or current signal would be represented with discrete levels and discrete time.
Thus, on a CD, the music is represented as a sequence of integers:
short int foo[] = {4635, 4419, 4234, 897, -1344, -2873, ….};
ENEL Digital Circuits

9. Back and forth between digital and analog signals.
We must be able to convert analog voltages to numbers, and also convert numbers back to analog voltages.
ENEL Digital Circuits

10. Representation of numbers.
In any digital system, numbers are represented in terms of the binary number system, or radix (base) 2 numbers.
Organized as groups of bits called words (16-bit words in the case of digitized music).
Each bit can have one of exactly two states:
TRUE, ON, SET, asserted, logic-1, etc.
FALSE, OFF, CLEARED, de-asserted, logic-0, etc.
This is our first topic in ENEL 353!
ENEL Digital Circuits

11. Course Overview Number systems and codes.
Expressing numbers in any radix, such as the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems.
How to represent negative numbers using sign/magnitude and two’s complement.
Introduction to simple binary codes:
Gray codes;
Binary-coded decimal;
Etc.
ENEL Digital Circuits

12. Boolean Algebra. The theorems and postulates of Boolean algebra.
Algebraic expressions and how to manipulate them using the theorems.
Important algebraic forms:
Sum-Of-Products (SOP) and Product-Of-Sum (POS) forms;
Canonical and minimal SOP and POS forms.
ENEL Digital Circuits

13. Combinational Circuits.
Circuit analysis and design.
Using AND, OR, and NOT gates.
Using NAND and NOR gates.
Methods to simplify circuit designs:
Algebraic manipulation;
Karnaugh maps.
ENEL Digital Circuits

14. Combinational Circuit Modules.
Ready-built combinational circuit building blocks:
Exclusive-OR functions;
Digital Adders, Subtractors;
Encoders and decoders;
Multiplexers.
ENEL Digital Circuits

15. Synchronous Sequential Logic Circuits
Latches and flip-flops.
Meely and Moore machine models.
State diagrams and tables.
Analysis of synchronous sequential logic circuits.
Design of synchronous sequential logic circuits.
ENEL Digital Circuits

16. Sequential Circuit Modules
Ready-built sequential-circuit modules:
Registers (parallel registers and shift registers);
Binary counters.
Introduction to Memory Arrays
Read-Only Memories (ROMs).
Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs).
ENEL Digital Circuits

17. Course Format Calculator Policy Final Grade Determination
Students may use any calculator of their choosing for assignments and studying; however, they must use one of the following sanctioned Schulich School of Engineering calculators for all exams and quizzes: Casio FX-260, Casio FX-300MS, TI- 30XIIS.
Final Grade Determination
The final grade in this course will be based on the following components:
Assignments: 0%
Quizzes: 15%
Laboratory Work: 15%
Midterm Exam: 20%
Final Exam: 50%
A mark of 35% or higher on the final exam is needed to pass the course as a whole.
ENEL Digital Circuits

18. Primary Course Textbook
David M. Harris and Sarah L. Harris, “Digital Design and Computer Architecture,” Second Edition, Morgan-Kaufmann, 2013 (ISBN ).
Also ENCM 369 Textbook
Hang on to this text for ENCM 369 in the Winter term!
The book perfectly serves both ENEL 353 and ENCM 369, plus has useful information for third-year ENEL/ENCM courses.
ENEL Digital Circuits

19. Another Useful Reference
A Useful Reference
ENEL 353 textbook used in , :
Alan B. Marcovitz, “Introduction to Logic Design,” Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2010 (ISBN ).
Another Useful Reference
ENEL 353 textbook used in :
Svetlana N. Yanushkevich and Vlad P. Shmerko, “Introduction to Logic Design,” First Edition, CRC Press, 2008 (ISBN ).
ENEL Digital Circuits

20. Problem Assignments. Quizzes. Laboratories.
Regular problem assignments will be given out of the course textbook.
For practice only; not for handing in.
Assignments and solutions will both be posted.
Quizzes.
5 quizzes spaced out through the term.
Will be run in the tutorial period (unless otherwise stated).
Laboratories.
Designed to support and extend lecture material (ENA 301 and 305).
Four of ‘em:
Introduction to Digital Circuits;
Design and CPLD-Implementation of Digital Arithmetic Circuits;
Design and CPLD-Implementation of Combinational Circuits;
Design and CPLD-Implementation of Sequential Circuits;
ENEL Digital Circuits

21. Primary Course Website.
Contains up-to-date course information and announcements, laboratory information, past examinations, quiz solutions, as well as laboratory, quiz, and examination scheduling.
D2L (Secondary Course Website).
For “precious” password-protected stuff, including lab handouts, assignments and solutions, and student grades.
ENEL Digital Circuits

22. Assembly Points
If an alarm sounds, evacuate the building or proceed to the designated indoor emergency assembly point.
Lectures in ST 143, tutorials in ENA 103
Seek refuge in: Professional Faculties Building Food Court and ICT food court, respectively.
Labs in ENA 301/305
Seek refuge in: ICT Food Court
ENEL 353 – Digital Circuits

23. Welcome to ENEL 353! This week and next week in the course:
No tutorial.
No labs.
Subsequent weeks of the course:
Labs start in the third week of classes with B02 on Monday, September 17.
Tutorials start in the third week, Tuesday, September 18, 3:30 PM.
ENJOY!
ENEL Digital Circuits
ENEL Digital Circuits