1. February 8th, 2018 Carolyn, Seth, Ryan
19.6 Gas Transport
February 8th, 2018
Carolyn, Seth, Ryan

2. Overview
Blood transports, by the cardiovascular system, Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen throughout the whole body by directly working with the respiratory system.
Need to Know!
Hemoglobin is involved with both oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
Partial Pressure

3. Vocab useful to know
Oxyhemoglobin - compound formed when oxygen dissolves in blood
Carbaminohemoglobin - loosely bound compound formed when carbon dioxide binds with hemoglobin
Bicarbonate ion - most important form of carbon dioxide transportation.
Carbonic anhydrase - enzyme that speeds the reaction between carbon dioxide and water
Chloride shift - exchange in position of two negatively charged ions

4. Objective 0: Partial Pressure
Refers to a concentration of a specific gas in a mixture of gases.
***The pressure of each gas within a mixture of gases

5. Objective 1: Oxygen Transport
Over 98% of oxygen is carried in the blood bound to the protein hemoglobin in RBC’s.
As oxygen dissolves in blood it forms with hemoglobin to make oxyhemoglobin.
PO2 determines the amount of oxygen that hemoglobin binds.
Greater the PO2, the more oxygen binds to make hemoglobin’s loaded with oxygen.
At normal PO2, hemoglobin is completely saturated.
If PO2 decreases, oxygen and hemoglobin molecules can break, which oxyhemoglobin releases oxygen molecules.
Free oxygen diffuses from blood into nearby cells.
Increasing PCO2, acidity, and temperature increase amount of oxyhemoglobin and oxygen being released.

6. Objective 1: Oxygen Transport
Fun Fact:
Resting body requires 250ml of O2 per minute

7. Objective 1: Oxygen Transport
What happens when you work out?
Sympathetic nerves stimulate veins to constrict more frequently. Because this blood is transferring CO2, more oxygen can be distributed to muscles and joints.
Respiratory rate increases to about 32 times per minute

8. Dissociation Curve

9. Objective 2: Carbon Dioxide Transport
CO2 is carried to the lungs in one of three forms:
As CO2 dissolved in plasma
As part of a compound formed by bonding to hemoglobin
As part of bicarbonate ions
Largest amount of transported carbon dioxide
Partial pressure determines amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma
Only about 7% of the carbon dioxide that enters the blood is carried in the form of having a high partial pressure
CO2 binds with an amino acid of hemoglobin
Carbonic acid dissociates to release hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions

10. Objective 2: Carbon Dioxide Transport

11. Objective 2: Carbon Dioxide Transport

17. When the system doesn’t work properly….
Rx Carbon Monoxide Poisoning:
Carbon Monoxide is a toxic gas produced by engines and burning fuel due to incomplete combustion
Carbon Monoxide (CO) binds to hemoglobin but prevents oxygen being delivered to cells
Those affected experience “flu-like” symptoms before passing out and dying; overall painless.
High concentration: 5 minutes to death Low Concentration (9 ppm): 8 hours till death
If caught early on, oxygen at high partial pressure can be delivered to keep tissues alive.

18. When the system doesn’t work properly….
Rx Pneumonia
Inflames the air sacs in your lungs
Sacs will fill with fluid or pus causing fever, chills, and extreme difficulty breathing
Caused by virus, bacteria, or fungus
Rx Tuberculosis
Infectious diseases that can spread from person to person by a cough or sneeze
Difficulty breathing, coughing up blood, fever, chills, and can even affect your kidneys or brain.
Both decrease surface area available for diffusion of gases.

19. Connecting to the Nervous System
Medulla Oblongata, Pons, and Brainstem
Controls involuntary motor actions of breathing
The lower your blood ph, the faster you will breathe to remove CO2
Higher potency of CO2 in the blood causes higher breathing rate

20. Still a little confused? Watch these videos for review!
Oxygen Transport (Textbook)
Ted ED- Connecting Oxygen's Transport (Visual)

21. Works Cited-Information
“Anatomy .” Smartbook, Mcgraw Hill,
Hoefs, Jeremy. “Response of the Respiratory System to Exercise.” LIVESTRONG.COM, Leaf Group, 14 Aug. 2017,
“Pneumonia.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2 Feb. 2018,
“Tuberculosis.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 4 Jan. 2018,