1. Physical and Chemical Properties

2. Physical Property
Observed without changing the composition of the substance
Substance undergoes a change but is still the same substance after it happens
Ex: if you break a pencil in half, you have made a change to it but it is still a pencil even after it is broken

3. Types of Physical Properties
Viscosity
Conductivity
Malleability
Hardness
Magnetism
Melting/Boiling Point
Density
Color

4. Viscosity resistance of a substance to flow
Ex: water = low viscosity (flows easily)
Ex: honey = high viscosity (does not flow easily)

5. Conductivity Allowing heat/electricity to flow
Ex: metal = high conductivity
Ex: wood = low conductivity

6. Malleability Ability to be hammered without shattering
Ability to be hammered into a thin sheet
Ex: tin = high malleability (can be hammered into a thin sheet without it shattering)
Ex: glass = low malleability (easily shatters when hammered)

7. Melting and Boiling Points
Melting Point – temperature at which the substance changes from solid to liquid
Boiling Point – temperature at which the substance changes

8. Density
Ratio of mass to volume

9. Two Ways to PHYSICALLY Separate Mixtures
Distillation – separates materials based on boiling points
Filtration – separates materials based on particle size

10. Physical Change
The appearance changes but the composition DOES NOT change
It always remains the SAME SUBSTANCE after the change happens!

11. Chemical Property Ability to change the composition of matter
Substance undergoes a change and is no longer the same substance
Ex: Your body contains a substance called catalase. When you put hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) onto an open wound it reacts with the catalase. The catalase breaks the hydrogen peroxide down into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2)

12. Types of Chemical Properties
Flammabiity
Reactivity
Ability to burn in the presence of oxygen
How readily a substance chemically combines with another

13. Chemical Change Occurs when a substance reacts to form a new substance
Signs of a chemical change
Change in color
Production of gas
Formation of a precipitate (solid that forms from a reaction)
Ex: Chunks that form when milk sours
Rusting
Oxidation