1. War of 1812 Notes on… Jefferson’s Foreign Policy Embargo War of 1812
Era of Good Feelings

2. Jefferson’s Foreign Policy
Impossible to avoid foreign affairs
1. American merchants engaged in trade all over the world
2. Louisiana Purchase opened country to westward expansion

3. Problems with France and England
British did not want Americans supplying food to enemies so
British set up partial blockade
only some American ships sail to Europe

4. France became angry = enacted their own laws
American shippers --difficult position- either way ships might be seized

5. Trade as a Weapon Congress passed the Embargo Act of 1807
American ships no longer sail to foreign ports
American ports closed to British ships

6. THIS WAS A DISASTER!!
Most harmful to US
American farmers, merchants, Southerners, Westerners, shippers, New Englanders
EVERYONE suffered!

7. Election 1808, the embargo was major issue
James Madison won ---4th president

8. The war of 1812
Neither Britain nor the U.S wanted their dispute to end in war. And yet, war between them did break out in 1812.
Britain and France had no interest in respecting neutral rights.

9. But….they both disrespected us, why only declare war with Britain?
Americans had more sympathy for the French. Jeffersonian republicans applauded the French for overthrowing monarchy.
British Navy impressing American soldiers. (more on this, next slide)
Plus, we never fully got over the American Revolution.

10. Impressing American soldiers
The British practice of manning naval ships with "pressed" men, who were forcibly placed into service

11. Another reason to go to war with the Brits….
British were supporting Native Americans in their fight against American expansion.
Think, pair, share…
Why do you think the British helped the Native Americans?

12. For decades, settlers had been gradually pushing the Native Americans farther and farther westward.
In an effort to defend their lands, Shawnee warrior, prophet and religious leader, Tecumseh, attempted to unite all of the tribes east of the Mississippi river.
White settlers persuaded governor of Indiana territory, William Henry Harrison, to take aggressive action.
The British provided aid to Tecumseh’s efforts.

13. War Hawks
A congressional election in 1810 had brought a group of new young republicans to Congress (from frontier states, KY, TN, OH)
Known as war hawks, because of their eagerness for war with Britain.
Anti-British feelings grew in the South and West.
They argued that war with Britain is the only way to defend American honor, gain British parts of Canada, and destroy Native American resistance on the frontier.

14. New Englanders
Merchants & businessmen opposed war
WHY????

15. Trade and MONEY
Neither Congress nor the American people were united in support of war.
In Congress, PA, VT were for war.
Northern States, NY, NJ and all the states in NY England were not.
Madison win re-election in 1812…

16. The War of 1812

17. RE-Cap…Causes of the War of 1812
British arming Natives in the Ohio River Valley
British impressment of American sailors

18. Britain began impressing (kidnapping) American sailors to work on British ships.
, impressed about 6,000 Americans

19. The United States military was weak when war began.
Navy had 16 ships
Army had fewer than 7,000 poorly trained men
Little equipment
Inexperienced officers

20. Battles concentrated around:
-Great Lakes
-Washington DC
-Louisiana
-Mississippi

22. The Burning of D.C. British troops marched into city
Dolly Madison (First Lady)gathered important papers and a portrait of George Washington then fled south
British troops burned the executive mansion (White House) and the capitol
The British move and attacked Fort McHenry at Baltimore

23. Fort McHenry

24. The commander of Fort McHenry requested a large flag so “the British will have no difficulty seeing it!”
American Flag flew high

25. Francis Scott Key detained on a British ship – watched the all-night battle. The next morning, He expressed his pride in what became the national anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner”

26. The Americans

27. The British

28. Battle of New Orleans
The British prepared to attack New Orleans = cut off Americans trade on the Mississippi
BUT
Andrew Jackson waiting for the British!
Jackson’s American soldiers and pirates defeated the Brits

29. Jackson’s men dug trenches to defend themselves
Jackson’s men dug trenches to defend themselves. British soldiers charged the American trenches. More than 2,000 British fell. Only seven Americans died!

30. Battle of New Orleans

33. Final, most deadly battle for the British
Andrew Jackson became a hero.
The battle took place two weeks after peace treaty signed!

34. Andrew Jackson

35. Treaty of Ghent 1814 Ghent, Belgium Signed December 24, 1814
Ended War 1812
None of the issues causing war addressed---“Nothing was adjusted, nothing was settled.” return matters as before the war

36. Americans pride in their country.
“The people are now more American. They feel and act more as a nation.”

37. Era of Good Feelings
Time after War 1812 people not divided over political issues or war
PATRIOTISM GROWS

38. The Effects of the War/Era of Good Feelings
Increased American Patriotism
Weakened Native American Resistance
US manufacturing grows

39. MONROE DOCTRINE Was issued by President James Monroe in 1823
Was actually written by his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams
Let the world know that the U.S. was now the “protector” of the western hemisphere

40. MONROE DOCTRINE
No more colonization in North America, Latin America, or South America
The U.S. would not interfere with European affairs, and thus Europe should not interfere in American affairs
The U.S. was prepared to take its place among the most powerful nations in the world