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Immigrants and Urbanization
Chapter 7
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The New Immigrants Old: from Western Europe
England, France, Holland, Ireland New: from Eastern & Southern Europe Italy, Poland, Russia
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Arrive at Ellis Island to be checked Come for a number of reasons:
Religious freedom, flee oppression, better life Millions come in a very short time Immigrants are no longer protestant, but Jewish and Catholic (Big Problem!!!)
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Immigration to the U S
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Ellis Island
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Arriving at Ellis Island
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Statue of Liberty
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Immigrants at Ellis Island
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Health Check at Ellis
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Chinese & Japanese Chinese came originally for the gold rush
Congress curbs immigration in 1882 Came originally to work in Hawaii
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Angel Island
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Immigrant Life Looked down on (language/ religion)
Got help from political machines Nativism begins: The hatred of anything foreign
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Irving Berlin
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Nativism Wanted historically free, energetic, and progressive peoples
Best stock were British, Scandinavian, and German Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Gentleman’s Agreement
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Nativism Chinese
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Americanization movement
Assimilate immigrants into society Teach skills to become a citizen
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Movement to the Cities 200,000 African-Americans move North or West
Farmers needed less workers
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The Poor and Nameless Many worries: Horrible housing
Food, housing, jobs, money 10% had 90% of the money supply Horrible housing Very expensive Tenements: no lighting, fresh air, or room. Lots of diseases
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Solution to housing Problem:
“Dumbbell” tenements Had air shafts which = major fire hazards and horrible smells.
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City Problems Housing Sanitation Water Transportation Crime
Fire (Chicago Fire of 1871)
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City transportation
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Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906
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Charities and Aid Pushed the government to make changes in housing, work conditions, etc… Settlement Houses: Jane Addams-Hull House in Chicago
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Jane Addams
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Social Gospel Take the teachings of Jesus to the society.
Salvation Army: William Booth
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William Booth
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Political Machines Tweed Ring: William Marcy Tweed
Senator, leader of Tammany Hall $200 million of tax money disappeared Kicked out in 1872
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Debt goes from $36-$97 million in one year M.O.
Pay for votes Rig elections “Vote the graveyards”
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William Marcy Tweed
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Civil Service Reform Patronage was a huge problem
Reformers v. Stalwarts Pendelton Civil Service Act Big Business puts a lot of pressure on the government
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