1. AIM: How did the Ming reestablish rule in China?
DO NOW:
Review: Dynasty, Dynastic cycle, Mandate of Heaven

2. Fall of the Yuan Dynasty (1260-1368)
Bubonic Plague helped end the rule of the Mongols in China
Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, the ventures of Marco Polo from Venice

3. Ming Dynasty: 1368-1644 Important Vocabulary: White Lotus Society
Red Turban Rebellion
Hongwu
Yongle Emperor
Forbidden City

4. BKWLQ Graphic Organizer
BACKGROUND
(Historical Context)
What you KNOW
(Analysis)
What you WANT to know
What you LEARNED
New QUESTIONS

5. DO NOW: What do you recall about Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism?
AIM: How did the “Three Teachings” affect the structures of society and government in Ming China?
DO NOW: What do you recall about Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism?

6. Neo- confucianism Rationalist & secular form of Confucianism
Rejecting superstitious and mystical elements of Daoism and Buddhism
Universe could be understood through human reason
Up to humanity to create a harmonious relationships between the universe and the individual

7. Neo - Confucianism Critical of Daoism and Buddhism
Unlike Buddhists, the Neo-Confucians believed that reality existed, and could be understood by humankind
YET borrowed concepts from Daoism & Buddhism
Suspicion of new technology and foreigners
Very conservative – emphasis on social rank, obligation, morality, limited role for women

8. Ming Society Neo-Confucian hierarchy based on four groups:
Shi: military commanders, bureaucrats, scholars
Nong: peasant farmers
Gong: artisans, craftsmen
Shang: merchants, traders
Hongwu emperor’s need for military strength resulted in better status for military. Normally, good deeds are prized over military honor in Confucianism.

9. Ming Government
After the Yuan Dynasty, Confucianism became main political philosophy.
Civil service exam based on Confucian texts were brought back.
Many emperors were criticized for bringing other religions into leadership
Unlike previous dynasties, women were not given any power in government
Da Ming Lu – Hongwu emperor’s Confucian legal code.
3rd bullet: ex – Yongle emperor interested in Tibetan Buddhism. Chenghua and Jiajing emperors were Daoists.
4th bullet: the Wu Dynasty was led by an empress.

10. AIM: how DID THE Ming INTERACT WITH THE WORLD?
Do now: If the Chinese had “discovered” and settled in the United States rather than Europeans how would your life be different? (religiously, culturally, POLITICALLY, ETC.)

11. Late Ming period
Hongwu’s influential & authoritarian rule set up 3 centuries of prosperity and stability to China
As ego grows, so does human geography
Great Wall, Grand Canal

12. International diplomacy
Self-confidence grew = embark on ambitious program of reconstruction
Becomes aggressive  attack on Mongolia & Annam (Vietnam)
Want recognition from rulers of faraway states
SO? = between , launch 6 large scale maritime expeditions to SE Asia, East Africa & Arabia

13. Zheng He Muslim of Mongol descent, captured by the Ming as a boy
Purpose of voyages = to confirm China’s domination over world
Collect tribute - “strictly diplomatic” mission
China is center of the world = ETHNOCENTRISM?
Results =
Records were destroyed,
Global trade surges (interest in China magnifies),
Ahead, so no reason for further contact (!)

14. Collapse Peasants revolt! Why? Crop failures
Army’s discipline problems
Slowdown on technology/creativity
Rebel leader, Li Zicheng, takes Beijing unopposed = Emperor commits suicide
Ming military call on Manchu’s help (they do) BUT they seize throne and proclaim themselves rulers of China