1. The Cold War: “Super” Collision
U.S. versus U.S.S.R.
1940s & 1950s

2. Differing goals United States Soviet Union World’s richest country
Cities and factories remained intact
Encourage democracy and prevent communism
Rebuild European governments to promote trade
Reunite Germany to stabilize it and Europe
Soviet Union
50 times more deaths
Many Soviet cities were destroyed
Encouraged worldwide communism
Protect its borders by controlling Eastern Europe
Keep Germany divided to prevent its waging war again

3. The Cold War: 1940s Policy of Containment Began in 1945
American policy that attempted to restrict communism to its current border
Continued throughout the Cold War

4. The Cold War: 1940s The Truman Doctrine (1945)
Truman went before a joint session of Congress to appeal for $400 million in aid to Greece & Turkey
Why?
To prevent the further spread of Communism

5. The Cold War: 1940s The Marshall Plan (1948-1951)
Named after Secretary of State George Marshall
A “rebuilding” program
$13 billion dollars in aid was sent to Western European nations
Why?

7. The Cold War: 1940s NATO (1947) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Military alliance with the purpose of defending all members from outside attack
Who was in NATO?
Warsaw Pact (1955)
Formed in retaliation against NATO
Who was in the Warsaw Pact?
Warsaw Pact: Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania

9. The Cold War: 1940s Berlin Airlift (June, 1948)
GB, France & the U.S. consolidated West Berlin
In retaliation, Soviet troops blockaded highways, railways & shut off West Berlin’s electricity
To aid the people, British & American planes spent 11 months dropping supplies…
The blockade was lifted in 1949

11. The Cold War: 1950s Stalin died in 1953; replaced by Nikita Khrushchev
“De-Stalinization”
Reversed some of Stalin’s policies
Promised better wages
More consumer goods
More freedom to artists & intellectuals
Reduction of terror by the secret “police”

13. The Cold War: 1950s Peaceful Coexistence Khrushchev’s policy
Friendly competition with the West; avoid war at all costs
Encouraged nations to follow communism
Improved housing conditions
Increased production of consumer goods
Put emphasis on technological research

14. The Cold War: 1950s The Space Race
Began in when the Soviets launched Sputnik
The U.S. “retaliated” soon after
Created NASA (National Aeronautics & Space Administration)
Began to put a greater emphasis on math and science in the classroom
“H-BOMB” - THOUSANDS more powerful than the A-Bomb
United states tested first h bomb – 1952
Soviets tested h bomb – 1953
Oct. 4, 1957 – Soviets launched Sputnik – the first unmanned satellite above the earth’s atmosphere
1958 – Americans launched its own satellite

15. The Cold War: 1950s Dwight D. Eisenhower became president in 1952
His Secretary of State was John Dulles
Implemented the policies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship
Brinkmanship – a policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression
United States strengthened air force and began producing stockpiles of nuclear weapons
Soviet Union – doing the same thing

16. The Cold War: 1950s