1. Chapter 28 – The Civil Rights Movement
Section Notes
Video
The Civil Rights Movement Takes Shape
Kennedy, Johnson, and Civil Rights
Rights for Other Americans
The Impact of Equal Rights and Justice for All
Maps
Freedom Rides, 1961
Images
Quick Facts
Elizabeth Eckford
Biography: Rosa Parks
Martin Luther King Jr.
Lyndon Johnson and Civil Rights
Assessment: Women in the Labor Force
The Great Society
Chapter 28 Visual Summary

2. Kennedy, Johnson, and Civil Rights
The Big Idea
The civil rights movement made major advances during the presidencies of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.
Main Ideas
John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960.
Civil rights leaders continued to fight for equality.
Lyndon B. Johnson became president when Kennedy was assassinated.
Changes occurred in the civil rights movement in the late 1960s.

3. Main Idea 1: John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960.
President Kennedy
Won the election of 1960
Became youngest person ever elected president
First Roman Catholic to become president

4. New Frontier

5. Main Idea 1: John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960.
New Frontier
Kennedy pursued set of proposals he called the New Frontier.
Higher minimum wage and tax cuts to stimulate growth
New spending on military and the space program
Programs to help poor and unemployed
Financial help for public schools
Kennedy also supported the goals of civil rights movement.
Did not want to anger Republicans and Southern Democrats

6. Main Idea 2: Civil rights leaders continued to fight for equality.
In 1960 the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of bus stations was illegal.
May 1961– Congress for Racial Equality (CORE) organized Freedom Rides.
Protests in which black and white bus riders traveled to segregated bus stations in South
Hoped to put pressure on President Kennedy to enforce ruling
Violence against riders forced end of protest

7. Main Idea 2: Civil rights leaders continued to fight for equality.
SNCC decided to continue the Freedom Rides.
Attacked by furious mob Montgomery, AL
Many were jailed in Jackson, MS
Kennedy then ordered the Interstate Commerce Commission to enforce strict bans on segregation in interstate bus terminals.

8. Freedom Riders

9. Fight for Rights Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham, Alabama
In 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. organized marches in Birmingham.
King was jailed for marching without a permit.
Talked about non violence
Released and led new marches
Birmingham, Alabama
May ,500 demonstrators marched.
Police chief ordered attack dogs and blasted marchers with high-pressured hoses.
Televised images shocked nation.

10. March in Alabama

11. Fight for Rights March on Washington
June 1963– Kennedy announced support for a civil rights bill.
African American leaders held the March on Washington to show support for the bill.
August 28, 1963– Martin Luther King Jr. gave his powerful “I Have a Dream” speech before 200,000 people.

12. Main Idea 3: Lyndon B. Johnson became president when Kennedy was assassinated.
On November 22, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas.
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was quickly sworn in as president.
Vowed to continue Kennedy’s work
Urged Congress to pass a civil rights bill

13. Civil Rights Legislation
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Signed into law on July 2, 1964
Banned segregation in public places
Outlawed discrimination in the workplace on the basis of color, gender, religion, or national origin

14. Civil Rights Legislation
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Signed into law in August 1965
Gave federal government new powers to protect African Americans’ voting rights
Within three years, more than half of all qualified African Americans in the South registered to vote.

15. The Great Society
President Johnson won 1964 elections by a huge margin.
Planned program of reforms that he called the Great Society
Included Medicare and Medicaid to help senior citizens and low-income citizens afford health care
Gave local schools more than $1 billion to help students with special needs
Created the Department of Housing and Urban Development to help low-income families get better housing
Congress quickly passed most of Johnson’s legislation.

16. Main Idea 4: Changes occurred in the civil rights movement in the late 1960s.
Stokely Carmichael
African American activist
Founder of the Black Power movement
Called for African American independence
Believed blacks should reject integration, focusing instead on controlling their own communities

17. Main Idea 4: Changes occurred in the civil rights movement in the late 1960s.
Malcolm X
Leader of the Nation of Islam
Combined ideas about African American independence with teachings of Islam
Helped inspire Black Power movement
Believed African Americans had right to defend themselves, using violence if necessary
1965 Broke from the Nation of Islam and was killed by three of his own members.

18. Black Power

19. Main Idea 4: Changes occurred in the civil rights movement in the late 1960s.
Violence in Streets
Slow progress in Civil Rights
U.S. cities tensions exploded to violence
LA 1965 Watts riots, 24 killed and most of Watts destroyed

20. Watts Riot

21. Main Idea 4: Changes occurred in the civil rights movement in the late 1960s.
Death of Martin Luther King
April 4, 1968 Martin Luther King, Jr was shot and killed in Memphis
Riots in 100 American Cities broke out

22. Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination

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