1. Group Six Will Mason Tracy Epton Maile Kobayashi Susan Redick
Daniel Picciotto
Charles Phanumphai

2. Affirmative Action Defined
The set of public policies and initiatives designed to help eliminate past and present discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin

3. Milestones in Affirmative Action
March, 1961
First mentioned when EEOC was formed
President Kennedy…”take affirmative action” to ensure hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias
July, 1964
Civil Rights Act, President Johnson
…prohibits discrimination of all kinds based on race, color, religion, or national origin.
September, 1965
Executive Order 11246
Enforces Affirmative Action for first time towards prospective minorities employees in all aspects of hiring and employment
October, 1967
Gender becomes included in 11246

4. Prelude to Affirmative Action
Plessy v. Ferguson
June, 1892
Dealt with segregation of blacks and whites
“Separate, but equal…”
Brown v. Board of Education
June, 1951
NAACP argues for black children allowed in white schools
Board of Education argues segregation in schools will prepare kids for segregation later in life
Overturn Plessy v. Ferguson

5. Recent Decisions Adarand Contractors v. Pena (1995)
Racial classifications are constitutional only if they are narrowly tailored measures that further compelling public interests.
Hopwood v. State of Texas (1996)
“…cultural and ethnic diversity simply cannot justify the University’s undisguised racial discrimination in the pursuit of a more racially heterogeneous faculty.”
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
A special admission program setting aside 16 places in the medical school class for disadvantaged students, chiefly racial minorities, violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

6. Anti- Affirmative Action Laws
California Proposition 209
Effective Nov. 1997
Makes illegal the use of race and gender in hiring and contracting
Just one of twelve states to adopt these

7. Thoughts???