1. Answers to Objectives for Section 31-4
1. Identify methods used to control pathogens.
Antiseptics kill many pathogens and antibiotics kill specific bacteria
2. Explain how vaccines produce acquired immunity.
They cause your immune system make B cells which make antibodies when you come in contact with that pathogen
Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, & Hydrogen make up 96 % of human body mass

2. Section 31-6 “Immune Diseases”
How do the organ systems of the body work together to keep you alive?

3. KEY CONCEPT When the immune system is weakened, the body cannot fight off disease

4. A person with Leukemia has abnormal white blood cells
Leukemia is cancer of the bone marrow
Person has immature white blood cells
causes weakened immune system

5. Leukemia leads to opportunistic infections
occur because white blood cells cannot fight infections
if immune system were healthy, would fight these infections

6. Cancer of the bone marrow
Immature white blood cells
Weaken immune system
Opportunistic infections
White blood cells can not
fight infections
It would be able to fight off these infections

7. HIV targets the immune system
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus
attacks and weakens the immune system
is transmitted by mixing infected blood with a bodily fluid

8. HIV reproduces in and destroys T cells
dead T cell
antibody
activated B cell
HIV reproduces in and destroys T cells
The body cannot replace T cells fast enough
T cells cannot help in immune responses

9. AIDS is acquired immune deficiency syndrome caused by HIV
several opportunistic infections
very low amount of T cells

10. Bodily fluids HIV reproduces in and destroys T cells
The body cannot replace dying T cells fast enough
T cells can not help in immune sytem response
acquired immune deficiency syndrome caused by HIV
several opportunistic infections
very low amount of T cells

11. Objectives for Section 31-6
1. Explain what leukemia is.
Skip 2 lines
2. Summarize how HIV affects the immune system.
Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, & Hydrogen make up 96 % of human body mass