1. Continuing Medical Education Programs
Dr. Anika Niambi Al-Shura, Lecturer
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2. Integrative Diagnosing of Cardiovascular Disease
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3. Diagnosing in Cardiovascular
This course is approved by the
following agencies:
National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) for 8 PDA points and Florida State Board of Acupuncture for 10 CEUs.
The companion textbook:
Diagnosing in Cardiovascular
Chinese Medicine
must be ordered at
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Course Description
This course covers the finer details of cardiovascular patient examination techniques and clinical pearls used in western medicine, together with TCM examination techniques.
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Course Objectives
Understand the 6 basic signs and symptoms connected to cardiac diseases and their clinical significance.
Learn the methods and techniques used in physical examination to detect the signs.
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Module 4
Fainting Spells
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Contents
Chapter 7:
Clinical Significance
Chapter 8:
Examination
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10. Chapter 7: Clinical Significance
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Contents
Part 1:
Etiology
Part 2:
Answers to Textbook Questions
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Part 1: Etiology
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The main physiological factors involve baroreception and other involvement of the neurological system.
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Impulses from baroreception cause vasodilation and constriction.
Areas of the neurological system such as the vagus nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve affect the function of the sinus node.
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The two main problems connected to syncope are related to
cardiac output
cerebral blood flow
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Right ventricular outflow failure contributes to pulmonary hypertension.
Left ventricular outflow failure leads to decreased cerebral blood flow.
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18. Part 1: Textbook Answers
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Answer block #1
yuan xuan #2
dizziness and vertigo #3
deficiency of blood #4
blood stasis #5
phlegm fire
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21. Chapter 8:Inquiry and Examination
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Contents
Part 1:
Inquiry
Part 2:
Physical Examinations
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Contents
Part 3:
Cardiac Concerns
Part 4:
Cerebral Concerns
Part 5:
Answers to text book questions
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25. Part 1:Inquiry and Examination
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Inquire about any prior accompanying factors such as:
chest pain
dyspnea
palpitations
pain located in the head or back
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memory problems
vision problems
speech problems
loss of postural tone
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29. Part 2: Physical Examination
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Main causes include problems with cardiac output and cerebral flow however, there are other unknown causes to consider.
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In some patients, a physical examination and other evaluations may not provide the origins.
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32. Part 3: Cardiac Concerns
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Frequent ECG monitoring may be necessary if the
patient has been diagnosed with arrhythmias because of their significance.
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Prolonged EKG monitoring is suggested for patients:
with or without arrhythmia
with or without history of syncope
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35. Part 4: Cerebral Concerns
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Syncope may be associated with vertebrobasilar disorders associated
with ischemia in:
vertigo
sensory, visual, and motor disorders
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Part 5: Aucsculation
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There are two common types of tachycardia noticed with palpitations:
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia
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40. Part 6: Answers to Textbook Questions
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Answer block #6
When did the first episode begin, and since then how often have episodes occurred? #7
problems with sleeping #8
neurological problems #9
dizziness, lightheadedness and fainting when arising from a seated position
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Answer block
#10
recent emotional stressors which trigger an episode
#11
episodes are isolated or happen so infrequently that patients may not consider them a problem.
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Answer block
#12
patients may not recount the occurrence and accompanying factors in the narrative. Without witness input, there is little to record in the patient file.
#13
can be taken from a sitting, lying or standing position. Observe and assist patient rise to a standing position, as fainting could occur.
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Answer block
#14
Sub-clavian steal syndrome:
take the blood pressure from both arms. A change/decrease of 20mmHG may be a positive sign.
#15
tachycardia: blood stasis, qi and yin deficiency;
bradycardia: blood stasis and phlegm
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46. Module 4 Review Questions
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47. review interactive practice quiz.
Complete the Module 4
review interactive practice quiz.
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48. Please continue on to Module 5
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