1. Cell Parts and Functions Flash Card Notes

2. Plant Cell

3. Animal Cell

4. Cell Membrane Structure: Functions
Phospholipid bilayer with proteins and carbohydrates
Thin, flexible barrier
Selectively Permeable
Functions
Separates cell from surroundings
Regulates molecules into/out of cell (food, water, wastes, etc.)
Found in all cells

5. Cell Wall
Structure:
Made of cellulose (a carbohydrate) and proteins
Rigid wall outside of cell membrane
Function:
Support and protect
Allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other substances to pass through
* Found only in plant, fungi, and algae cells, NOT in animals

6. Nucleus Function: Components:
Stores DNA (chromatin), hereditary info for cell
Controls cell activities
Components:
Nuclear Envelope: bilayer lipid membrane that surrounds nucleus and has pores or holes to allow materials to move in/out of nucleus
Nucleolus: Small dense region that makes ribosomes
Found in plant and animal cells

7. Ribosomes Structure: Function: Most numerous cell part
Made of RNA and protein
Function:
Synthesis of Proteins (make proteins)
Found in plant and animal cells

8. Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure:
Internal membrane system
Stacks of flattened sacs
Rough: has ribosomes- gives a bumpy appearance
Smooth: no ribosomes- looks smooth

9. Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (contin.)
Function:
Intracellular highway—moves molecules around the cell
Rough: chemically changes proteins made by ribosomes, sends proteins to Golgi for export
Smooth: synthesizes lipids and cell membrane parts, detox
Found in plant and animal cells

10. Golgi Apparatus Structure: Function: Stacks of flattened membranes
Processing, packaging, and secreting proteins
Attach carbs and lipids to proteins
Send proteins to their final destinations
Found in plant and animal cells

11. Lysosome Structure: Functions:
Small sac which contains hydrolytic enzymes
Not in plants
Functions:
Digest proteins, carbs, and lipids, DNA or RNA in cell
Removes debris: digests old organelle or viruses and bacteria

12. Vacuole Structure: Function:
Large sac filled with enzymes, water, and wastes
In plants: VERY large – takes up most of cell
In animals: small – store extra materials
Function:
Storage
Vesicles: small vacuoles involved in transporting substances within cells

13. Chloroplast Structure: Function:
Saclike structure that contains chlorophyll (a green pigment)
Function:
Photosynthesis: Changes sunlight energy to sugar
Found in plants, algae, and some bacteria
NOT found in animals

14. Mitochondria Structure: Function: Has 2 membranes
“Cellular Respiration: releases energy from food molecules to power cell (growth, movement, development, etc.)
Found in plant and animal cells

15. Centrioles Structure: A pair of small organelles made of microtubuless
Function: Help in the formation of the spindle fibers used in cell division
Only found in animal cells