1. Anatomy and Physiology
Unit 6

2. The Generalized Cell

3. Main Parts of the Cell
Cell membrane – outer protective covering, semipermeable
Cytoplasm – semi-fluid inside the cell, site for chemical reactions
Organelles – cell structures that help a cell to function, located in cytoplasm
Nucleus – the “brain” of the cell – controls cell activity and is vital for cell division

4. Parts of Cell Cont.
Chromatin – in nucleus made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein. Forms chromosomes in cell reproduction
Each human cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
Centrosome – in cytoplasm near nucleus, creates an even division of the chromosomes in two new cells
Mitochondria – rod shaped organells, “powerhouses” of cells, break down carbs, proteins and fats to make ATP (energy source of cells)
Golgi apparatus – stack of membrane layers in cytoplasm, it produces, stores and packages secretions for discharge from the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum – network of tubular structures located in cytoplasm, transports materials into and out of nucleus, aids in synthesis and storage of proteins.
Rough ER – contains ribosomes – sites for protein synthesis (production)
Smooth ER – no ribosomes (not present in all cells) – assists with cholesterol synthesis, fat metabolism and detoxification of drugs
Lysosomes – oval or round bodies in cytoplasm, contain digestive enzymes that digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign materials (important for immune system)
Pinocytic vesicles – pocketlike folds in the cell membrane. Allow proteins and fats to enter the cell. When closed they form vacuoles (bubbles) in the cytoplasm

8. How long do cells live?

9. Cell Theory
The cell is the smallest structural and functional living unit
Organismal functions depend on individual and collective cell functions
Biochemical activities of cells are dictated by their specific subcellular structures
Continuity of life has a cellular basis

10. (a) Cells that connect body parts, form linings, or transport gases
Erythrocytes
Fibroblasts
Epithelial cells
(a) Cells that connect body parts,
form linings, or transport gases
Nerve cell
Skeletal
Muscle
cell
Smooth
muscle cells
(e) Cell that gathers information
and control body functions
(b) Cells that move organs and
body parts
Sperm
Macrophage
(f) Cell of reproduction
Fat cell
(c) Cell that stores nutrients
(d) Cell that
fights disease
Figure 3.1

11. Chromatin Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Plasma
membrane
Mitochondrion
Cytosol
Lysosome
Centrioles
Centrosome
matrix
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Secretion being
released from cell
by exocytosis
Cytoskeletal
elements
• Microtubule
• Intermediate
filaments
Peroxisome
Figure 3.2

12. Cell Diversity Over 200 different types of human cells
Types differ in size, shape, subcellular components, and functions

13. STOP
Get a laptop
Go to:
Go to Section – Anatomy of a Generalized Cell
Click on Parts of the Cell Structure
Complete the exercise
Show Mrs. K your screen when complete for credit