1. Cradle of Civilization
MENA is very important historically.

2. ANCIENT EGYPT

3. A View of Egypt by Satellite

4. Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Tutankhamon B. C. E.
New Kingdom >>> died young, found intact
Thutmose III B. C. E.
New Kingdom>>>expands empire into Mesopotamia
Ramses II B. C. E.
New Kingdom >>> brings peace after expansion

5. Mummification Step by Step
Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife when someone died.  Mummification helped someone reach the afterlife as they thought that, in order to have an afterlife, the dead person would have to repossess his or her body. Egyptians believed that the only way to do this was if the body was recognizable. Mummification was mainly done to wealthy people as poorer people could not afford the process. The chief embalmer was a priest wearing a mask of Anubis. Anubis was the jackal headed god of the dead. This is the step-by-step process* of how mummification took place:  
Insert a hook through a hole near the nose and pull out part of the brain
Make a cut on the left side of the body near the tummy
Remove all internal organs
Let the internal organs dry
Place the lungs, intestines, stomach and liver inside canopic jars
Place the heart back inside the body
Rinse inside of body with wine and spices
Cover the corpse with natron (salt) for 70 days
After 40 days stuff the body with linen or sand to give it a more human shape
After the 70 days wrap the body from head to toe in bandages
Place in a sarcophagus (a type of box like a coffin)
If the person had been a Pharaoh, he would be placed inside his special burial chamber with lots of treasure!

6. Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
Built during the 27th century BCE for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser. It is the central feature of a vast mortuary complex in an enormous courtyard surrounded by ceremonial structures and decoration.
This first Egyptian pyramid consisted of six mastabas (of decreasing size) built atop one another in what were clearly revisions and developments of the original plan.

7. Giza Pyramid Complex

8. King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask
B. C. E.
Tomb found completely intact in 1922!

9. Treasures From Tut’s Tomb

10. The Valley of the Queens Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
B. C. E.

11. Abu Simbel: Monument to Ramses II
B. C. E.

12. An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
Mirror
Perfume
Wigs

13. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA

15. Solving Problems Through Organization
Irrigation ditches: carried river water to their
fields and allowed them to produce a surplus of crops.
For defense, they built city walls with mud bricks.
Traded their grain, cloth, and crafted tools with the peoples of the mountains and the desert. In exchange, they received raw materials such as stone, wood, and metal.

16. The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area
The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

17. Sumerians at Sumer First groups of people to form a civilization
5 key characteristics set Sumer apart
(1) advanced cities,
(2) specialized workers,
(3) complex institutions,
(4) record keeping, and
(5) improved technology
All later peoples in this region built upon the innovations of Sumerian civilization (Babylonians, Assyrians, Akkiadians…)
CIVILIZATION!

18. D:\Animations\whs05_01_22.html

19. Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing

20. The Sumerians

21. Hammurabi’s Code: 1st code of law!!!
The Babylonians:
Hammurabi’s Code: 1st code of law!!!

22. ANCIENT PERSIA

23. Two of Persia’s best known culture markers are the Royal Road and also Persepolis

24. Ancient Persepolis

25. Persian Archers & Soldiers

26. Palmyra Located in Syria. Dates to 2000 BCE
Cultural city historically used by Greeks, Romans, and Persians.

28. All of it destroyed by ISIS

29. ISIS posts videos about destruction: http://www. cnn
CBS Sunday Morning video 2 minutes on ISIS and why it destroys the past:  
Archaeologists in Syria try to save artifacts from ISIS: 4 minutes     
Why they destroyed Palmyra (actually call it a crossroads in the video and that what is so cool about it is that it has some Assyrian, Greek, Roman, and Persian influence and they talk about how they wanted to “take it from the tourists and from history to erase anything that predates Islam”)  4 minutes     

30. HBO Vice: Egyptian Tomb Raiders