1. Resistive Plate Chambers in CMS
INFN GR September 2002
G. Iaselli

2. Introduction Five wheels RB4 …… 120 chambers RB3 …… 120 chambers
One barrel sector
60 sectors in total

3. Production flow Italy China Bulgaria Responsibility of Bari group
Bakelite production and quality control
Mechanics for RB1
RB1 Assembly and test
Gap production and quality control
Front-end production
Bulgaria
RB2, RB4 assembly and test
Mechanics for RB2, RB3, RB4
RB3 Assembly and test
Responsibility of Bari group
Responsibility of Pavia group

4. Gap and double gap QA I Gaps Accept gap if: Controls: no gas leakage
“gas leakage test”
over-pressure test up to 20 mbar
current vs HV in pure C2H2F4
Accept gap if:
no gas leakage
all spacer properly glued
I (8000 V) < 5 mA
Over 175 gap produced so far, 24 have been dropped, mainly due to bad gluing of the spacer
Yield = 86% I
Gaps

5. Gap and double gap QA Needed manpower: Controls:
Electrical contiguity between strips and kapton
Shorts between strips
Gas leakage
I vs HV
Only 1 DG (out of 50) has been dropped for a short between two strips
Needed manpower:
two technicians + supervisor

6. Chamber assembly 1) Position double gaps
2) Cooling pipe installation and test of the circuit up to 20 bars 3) Gas pipe installation and leakage test for each double gap
4) Position front-end boards
5) Cable the low voltage and slow control circuits
6) Check the front-end/kapton connectivity

7. Chamber assembly 24 RB3 W0 assembled Needed manpower:
7) Insert lateral profiles
8) Leakage test for the whole chamber
9) Electrical test of the LV circuit
10) Close the chamber with the aluminium covers
Needed manpower:
two technicians + supervisor
24 RB3 W0 assembled

8. Chamber test Needed manpower:
Major hardware and software developments has been carried out to prepare the test area:
VMS home built TDC
special floating HV/LV supply
Object Oriented on line system
Data base
Currents vs HV
Rates (strip by strip)
Global efficiency
Needed manpower:
two physicists + technician

9. Protocol for chamber test: conditioning
A LabView programme allows to automatically control the CAEN SY1527
Procedure:
The chambers are fluxed with gas for 1 day
First HV cycle: the voltage is increased by 1 kV every 15 min.
At the end the HV is fixed to 8 kV
After 5 hours the second HV cycle is repeated with an interval time of 5 min.
For each chamber all information temperature, pressure, umiditity, currents) are registered and reported in DB

10. Protocol for chamber test: cosmics
Collect ~ 5000 events At HV=8 kV
Check the strip profile:
Dead strips
Time misalignment
Disconnected cables or kapton

11. Protocol for chamber test: cosmics
Trigger position A: the scintillators cover the forward RPC double gap.
Collect ~ events at different HV.
Monitor the chamber performance:
Efficiency
Cluster size
noise
At working plateau (HV=9.6 and 9.8kV) supply separately the up (and down) single gap and take data
Trigger position B: the scintillators cover the backward RPC gaps.
Repeat the procedure at point 2.

12. Chamber data base

13. Results of the test
Currents vs HV
Efficiency

14. Results of the test
Rate
9.8 kV
9.6 kV
9.4 kV
9.0 kV
Cluster size

15. Installation schedule
Recent thunderstorm on the RPC performance originate from Babar have forced the experiments to revise the gap construction procedure
This has introduced an almost one year delay on the project
Wheel YB 0 September-December 2003
Wheel YB+2 January-February 2004
Wheel YB+1 September 2004
Wheel YB-1 May-June 2005
Wheel YB-2 June-August 2005
The CMS schedule
Safe transportation of double gaps and chambers is expensive and difficult.
Moreover
Setting up the laboratories requires resources and intense collaboration from Italian physicists.

16. Original production scheme
CMS had foreseen the chamber production distributed among :
General Tecnica, assembly of RB2 and RB4
Sofia, assembly and test of RB3
Beijing, assembly and test of RB1
Bari, test of RB2 and RB4
Pavia, test of RB4
Due to some delay in the procurement of the material and in the setting up of the sites, this scheme is not feasible for the first wheel.
Bari has already assembled, under the responsibility of a team from Sofia, RB3 W0 and is now starting with RB1 W0
RB2 and RB4 assembly at GT:
Some delay for the area and tool preparation
The site should be operative for September
The first wheel will be assembled in Italy with the help of Sofia and Beijing
Schedule for wheel 0
25 RB3 => end September 2002 (Bari + Bulgaria)
25 RB1 => end January 2003 (Bari + China)
25 RB2 => end March 2003 (Naples + GT)
25 RB4 => April 2003 (Pavia + GT)

17. Wheel 0
Three sites: Bari, Pavia, GT
Five groups: Bari, Naples, Pavia, Sofia, Bejing
RB3 assembly and test in Bari (teams from Sofia)
RB1 assembly and test in Bari (teams from Bejing)
RB2 assembly in GT (teams from Naples)
RB2 test in Bari (teams from Naples)
RB4 assembly in GT (teams from Bari/Pavia/Naples))
RB4 test in Pavia (teams from Pavia)
China and Bulgaria maintain responsibilities for chambers construction, test and commissioning.
Bari workshop operative
- Gap production: 2 physicists full time
Chamber assembly: 2 physicists full time + 1 engineer full time
Chamber test: 3 physicists full time + 1 INFN fellowship + 1 PhD
4 technicians full time + 1 art art. 2222
2 technicians from mechanical workshop ( agreed with INFN)
Pavia workshop operative in March 2003
- Chamber test: 2 physicists full time + 1 physicist 30%
- 2 technician full time
Help from INFN Electronic Pool
GT workshop operative in September/October 2002
GT teams + Naples (2 physicists 100%, 2 technicians 80%)

18. Bari 6 staff physicists 1 PhD MURST felloship (assegno): Pugliese
Abbrescia
Colaleo*
Iaselli
Maggi
Nuzzo
Ranieri
6 staff physicists
1 PhD MURST felloship (assegno): Pugliese
1 INFN fellowship:Vankov
1 PhD: Cavallo
1 staff electronic engineer: Loddo
4 staff technicians full time: Clemente, Chiumarulo, Pinto, Papagni
1 art 23 (two years): Abadjiev
1 art.2222 (one year)
2 from technicians from mechanical workshop
* Vincitrice di concorso

19. Naples/Pavia Naples 2 staff physicists : Paolucci,Piccolo
1 staff physicists 50%: Sciacca
1 technicians from electronic workshop (80 %)
3 technicians from mechanical workshop (80 %)
Pavia
2 staff physicists full time: Vitulo, Torre
1 staff physicists 30%: Riccardi
2 staff technicians: Imbres, Vicini
1 engineer 30%:Belli
1 art (?)
Help from INFN electronic pool

20. Schedule at Pavia

21. Distribution of resources
Bakelite production and QA at C.P.
Belli, Vitulo, Imbres, Vicini highly involved;
1 shift (4/5 days) every two months.
Gap production and QA at GT
Abbrescia, Nuzzo, Chiumarulo, Pinto highly involved;
Other persons from Bari are taking shifts;
Teams from Naples and Pavia are taking shifts;
1 shift ( 2/3 days) every two weeks.
Physicist and engineers
Technicians

22. Distribution of resources
Chamber assembly in Bari
Clemente, Iaselli, Loddo, Ranieri, highly involved;
Papagni, art. 2222, highly involved;
Chiumarulo, Pinto , if not in GT;
2 persons from mechanical workshop
2/3 persons from Peking/Sofia supported by Italy
Chamber test in Bari
Cavallo, Colaleo, Maggi, Pugliese, Vankov highly involved;
1 technician (electronics) ??
Other persons from Bari should take shifts;
Teams from Naples and Pavia should take shifts;
1 week shifts.
Physicist and engineers
Technicians

23. Distribution of resources
Chamber assembly at GT
Clemente, Papagni, Abadjiev, highly involved;
GT team, Naples team.
Chamber test in Pavia
Torre, Vitulo, Imbres, Vicini highly involved;
Help from INFN electronic pool;
Physicist and engineers
Technicians

24. Distribution of resources
Cern
Phase 1: stocking at ISR
1 Physicist + 2 technicians at Cern for chamber acceptance and test.
People from Bari, Naples and Pavia
Phase 2: Installation, 2 months in 2003
3 Physicist + 6 technicians at Cern

25. Wheel 0

26. Current status Bari: 24 RB3 assembled. Now under test.
The assembly was done at a rate of 3/4 chamber/week.
The presence of a team from Sofia has been crucial.
The assembly of RB1 will start middle September.
A team from Beijing will participate.
Pavia:
See schedule
GT:
Assembly hall not ready. Hopefully ready end of September.

27. Wheel  0 Distributed production in Italy
Same as for wheel 0:
More manpower needed per wheel:
- two physicists for three months to Bari for RB3 (from Bulgaria/Cina)
- two physicists for three months to Pavia for RB1 (from Bulgaria/China)
Total of 12 months-men per wheel
Production rate: 2.5 chamber/week, 10 chamber/month
Test rate: chamber/month
Bari: RB3 Ass./test (Sofia), RB1 Ass./test (China), RB2 test (Naples)
Pavia: some RB4 test , RB1 test (China)
GT: RB4 Ass.(Bari), RB2 Ass. (Naples)

28. Wheel  0 Distributed production in Italy
Other option:
Subdivide production by dimension:
30 Ch (1500mm): Bari
26 Ch (2500mm): GT
24 Ch (2080mm): GT
16 Ch (2000mm): Pavia
Produce under Naples responsibility RB2 in a local industry and move production of RB1 at GT

29. Wheel  0 Distributed production (Italy)
External manpower needed per wheel:
two physicists for three months for RB3 (from Bulgaria)
two physicists for three months for RB1 (from China)
total of 12 months-men per wheel
total of 60 months-man (5 wheels)
1200 € /month…… €
1000 € /travel …… € (20 trips)
total …………… €
China and Bulgaria maintain responsibilities for chambers
construction, test and commissioning.

30. Wheel  0 Additional resources needed in 2003-2006
Bari
Conferma di 2 tecnici meccanici dalla Sezione
Conferma di un tecnologo (80%) (Loddo) dalla Sezione
2 art 2222
fondi (FAI)
Un art. 15 profilo elettronico
Pavia
Conferma 1 tecnico elettronico dalla Sezione
1 art. 2222
Napoli
Conferma di 1 tecnico elettronico dalla Sezione

31. Wheel  0 Distributed production (world)
Apply the scheme only for the production of the first two wheels
which are demanding from the schedule point of view.
Prepare the sites in Sofia and Beijing for chamber assembly and test. Worries on safe transportation, transport cost and budget capabilities remains.
Situation could be revised middle 2003

32. Wheel  0 Concentrated production at GT
Assembly all chambers at GT. Assembling of 240 chambers already foreseen (contract signed)
Assembly additional 240 chambers at a cost of 270 € each
total €
Assume 10 chambers/month………..48 months!!
Need to produce 20 chambers/month (1 chamber/day) to stay within 24 months.
Space and schedule uncertain
Chambers have to be sent to other sites for testing
More institute manpower needed at GT for the assembly

33. Additional costs for gap production
Bakelite
5 € /foil… (cutting)… €
Gaps
0.5 € /piece (pre-stamped gas inlet)…4000 €
Manpower + material
5 € /gap……………… €
3 € /strip……………… 3060 €
26 € /bi-gap………… €
Tools
775 € /tool (30 gap frames)……… €
181 € /tray… (30 trays)…………… €
517 € / trolley (3 trolleys)…… … €
Total €
Update of the contract with GT?

34. Aging test
The R&D is coordinated by Cern to help Atlas and CMS with the GIF logistic (source operation, gas system, ect,
Many small gaps under irradiation. Some results at the next meeting of the RPC committee;
Two MB1 will be send to GIF at the end of the month for a long term test;
Some travel budget needed for the test;
Some budget needed for the construction of the gas close loop system (negotiation with Cern under way, but about kCHF may be needed)

35. MOFB (kCHF)

36. CORE

37. Richieste Napoli

38. Richieste Pavia

39. Richieste Bari

40. Alfonso Boiano1, Flavio Loddo2, Pierluigi Paolucci1, Antonio Ranieri2
RPC HV-LV project
I.N.F.N. Naples
Introduction
System requirements and description
SASY-2000 project
Prototype tests
Alfonso Boiano1, Flavio Loddo2, Pierluigi Paolucci1, Antonio Ranieri2
1) I.N.F.N. of Naples, 2) I.N.F.N. of Bari

41. Introduction
I.N.F.N. Naples
The idea of the HV-LV system for the RPC detector of the LHC experiments is to split the system in two:
LOCAL: SY1527 mainframes placed in control room and a 48 Volts High Power Source;
REMOTE: distribution system placed in the UXC zone around the detector. It consists of a 6U custom crate housing 2 independent controllers and up to 8 distribution board equipped with 4 HV + 8 LV floating channels.
The system will work in very hard conditions due to the high magnetic field and high radiation environment.
A common project (SASY 2000) to realize this system is going on between the I.N.F.N. and the CAEN company.

42. requirements and system description
I.N.F.N. Naples
requirements:
system working in high magnetic field;
system working in an high radiation environment;
local system in control room + distributed remote systems on the detector;
low voltage (48 Volts) running from the local to the remote system;
floating HV (12KV–1mA) and LV (7V–0.42A (ana.) and 7V–0.9A(dig.)) channels (noise reduction).
wheel 1 2 3 4 5
TOT
gaps
408
2040
HV ch.
204
1020
front-end
936
4680
LV ch.
312
1560
having chosen 2 gaps per HV channel and 6 FEBs per LV channel

43. I.N.F.N.-CAEN SASY2000 project
I.N.F.N. Naples
Detector region
Control Room 4 8 … 16
HV #1
HV #2
Branch controller #1
Complex ch. 1
256
Remote
boards
LV #1
LV #4
Branch controller #2
HV #1023
HV #1024
Complex ch. 512 …
256
LV #2047
LV #2048
Branch controller #16
What do we need ??
26 ch * 12 sect * 5 wheels = 1560 LV
17 ch * 12 sect * 5 wheels = 1020 HV
One mainframe is enough for the barrel
48 Volts
High Power Source
The remote board has 2 Complex ch. each equipped with: 2 HV ch and 4 LV ch.

44. SASY2000 characteristics Functional Prototypes Remote Rack
I.N.F.N. Naples
Functional Prototypes Remote Rack
SA2001: 2 ch High Voltage Module
VOUT = 12 kV
IOUT = 1 mA
Ripple  200 mV pp
SA2002: 2 ch Low Voltage Module
VOUT = 4.5  7.5 V
IOUT = 1  2 A
Ripple  20 mV pp

45. Magnetic field tolerance
up to 5 kGauss
Test condition
SA2001: VOUT = 8kV, Rload=12 M
SA2002: VOUT0 = 4.7 V, VOUT1 = 5.0 V, IOUT0,1 = 1.9A
Da 0 a 5 kGauss: loss of efficiency 2% (=Pload/PDC-DC converter) (75%  73%)
Future improvements:
transformer oriented according  B  it will work reliably up to 8 kGauss

46. Test performed SASY 2000 prototype
I.N.F.N. Naples
SASY 2000 prototype
The HV-LV prototype 0 consists of: HV board (SA2001), 3 LV boards (SA2002) and 1 controller.
It has been split in three pieces, following a “logical separation” of the system, in order to study the functionality of every single piece and component.
The following tests has been performed on both the prototypes and will be repeated for the final boards:
Magnetic field test up to 7 KGauss (at CERN) (see attached results shown by CERN in May 2002)
Radiation test up to 10 LHC eq-years (at Louvain La Neuve) (results shown)
Test on the RPC to study the noise condition (to be performed at the test station in Bari);
High Stress Test to study the system under very hard conditions (to be performed in Napoli).

47. Neutron radiation test
I.N.F.N. Naples
The SASY2000 HV-LV prototype has been tested twice (May-Aug 2002) at the Louvain La Neuve radiation facility.
The total neutron fluence requests
for 10 LHC years is about 1x1012 n/cm2 (note: in RE1/1 region) corresponding to 2 hours and 40 min with a beam at 1 mA at 70 cm
SASY2000
In first session the system worked well for 30 min. corresponding to 1.8 • 1011 n/cm2 (a factor 6 higher than that expected on RB4!) We lost the communication with the prototype. CAEN reported a known loss of current gain due to irradiation on CNY17 opto-insulator used to enable the HV/LV channels. The prototype was irradiated for 80 min corresponding to 4.8*1011 n/cm2.
On the second prototype (ATLAS one) the gain current loss was cured using a lower value biasing resistor. Was registered a few SE on the controller with loss of communication but the normal condition was restored after 1 s on power OFF/ON condition (it will be implemented by firmware an HOT RESET to recover the communication without interruption of remote power supply).
After the irradiation the SASY2000 was tested outside, preserving its original functionality. (robustness of hardware)

48. Magnetic field test setup
Magnet: MNP24-1 at CERN Bldg. 168
B: up to 10 kGauss
B around CMS: .44T
Test condition: 0-7 kGauss

49. Magnetic field tolerance
up to 5 kGauss
Test condition
SA2001: VOUT = 8kV, Rload=12 M
SA2002: VOUT0 = 4.7 V, VOUT1 = 5.0 V, IOUT0,1 = 1.9A
Da 0 a 5 kGauss: loss of efficiency 2% (// B) 0% ( B)
(efficiency defined as =Pload/PDC-DC converter) (75%  73%)
Future improvements:
transformer oriented according  B  it will work reliably up to 8 kGauss

50. High Stress Test in Naples
I.N.F.N. Naples
The High Stress Test is based on a large number of cycles of the following tests:
Low current (1 mA) test at “working” voltage (10 KV);
Medium range current scan (from 10 to 300 mA) at “working” voltage:
High current (1 mA) test at “working” voltage (10 KV);
Over-current and Trip test (I > 1 mA);
Maximum voltage test (12 KV) at different absorbed currents;
Discharge and short circuit test made with two pins at different distances;
Imon, Vmon calibration test made with an independent volt-meter.
Different HV resistors
A PC running LabVIEW will be used to control the system and to analyze the data.
Final HV-LV cable/connector will be used.

51. HV-LV architecture for a barrel sector
I.N.F.N. Naples
26 LV channels Remote Boards HV channels
RB4
4 LV
2 bi-gaps
2 bi-gaps
4 HV ch
1 RB
2 RB
RB3
2 bi-gaps
2 bi-gaps
4 HV ch
4 LV
3 bi-gaps
6 LV ch
3 HV ch
RB2
1 RB
1 RB
4 LV ch
2 bi-gaps
2 HV ch
4 LV ch
2 bi-gaps
2 HV ch
RB1
1 RB
1 RB
4 LV ch
2 bi-gaps
2 HV ch
2 bigaps = 96 strips = 6 febs
LVD channel
HV channel
LVA channel
RB = remote board
26 ch * 12 sect * 5 wheels = 1560 LV
17 ch * 12 sect * 5 wheels = 1020 HV
4 remote boards * 12 sect * 5 wheels = 240 RB

52. Barrel cables routing LV HV 26 LV ch/cable + 17 HV ch/cable per sector
I.N.F.N. Naples
26 LV ch/cable + 17 HV ch/cable per sector
LV-HV 1 2
LV-HV
LV-HV 3 4
LV-HV
Sector -4
Sector -5
LV-HV
Muon racks
2 RPC HV-LV crates
Sector –6 LV HV
26 LV ch/cable
26 LV
17 HV
LV-HV 5 6
LV-HV 7 8
Elect. house
17 HV
26 LV
17 HV ch/cable LV
48 remote boards/wheel  240 Remote Board
1 crates/rack  8 crates/wheel  40 crates
12-Nov-18
26 ch * 12 sect * 5 wheels = 1560 LV
17 ch * 12 sect * 5 wheels = 1020 HV HV