1. CHAPTER 12 金屬鑄造：設計、材料與經濟（Metal Casting: Design, Materials, and Economics）

2. Casting Design Modifications
應力集中
應力集中 曲率
Figure Suggested design modifications to avoid defects in castings. Note that sharp corners are avoided to reduce stress concentrations.

3. Casting Cross-Sections
Figure Examples of designs showing the importance of maintaining uniform cross- sections in castings to avoid hot spots and shrinkage cavities.

4. Avoiding Shrinkage Cavities
Figure Examples of design modifications to avoid shrinkage cavities in castings. Source: Steel Castings Handbook, 5th ed. Steel Founders' Society of America, Used with permission.

5. Chills
Figure The use of metal padding (chills) to increase the rate of cooling in thick regions in a casting to avoid shrinkage cavities. Source: Steel Castings Handbook, 5th ed. Steel Founders' Society of America, Used with permission.

6. Normal Shrinkage Allowance for Some Metals Cast in Sand Molds

7. Solidification Contraction for Various Cast Metals

8. Parting Line
Figure Redesign of a casting by making the parting line straight to avoid defects. Source: Steel Casting Handbook, 5th ed. Steel Founders' Society of America, Used with permission.

9. Casting Design Modifications
Figure Examples of casting design modifications. Source: Steel Casting Handbook, 5th ed. Steel Founders' Society of America, Used with permission.

10. Desirable and Undesirable Die-Casting Practices
Figure Examples of undesirable and desirable design practices for die-cast parts. Note that section-thickness uniformity is maintained throughout the part. Source: American Die Casting Institute.

11. Add 2-5(25)mm around for machining
P.L.
Add 2-5(25)mm around for machining
Original outline with shrinkage rule
0.5° -2° draft allowance
V slot to be machined

13. Mechanical Properties of Gray Cast Irons

14. Properties and Typical Applications of Cast Nonferrous Alloys

15. Table 12.6, 11.1和11.2 重要

16. General Cost Characteristics of Casting Processes

18. Summary of Casting Processes

19. General Characteristics of Casting Processes