1. Ionic Bonding

2. Ionic Bonding Metals Nonmetals Electron donors
Donate their valence electrons to become a positive ion (cation)
Nonmetals
Electron acceptors
Accept valence electrons to become a negative ion (anion)

3. Ionic Bonding

4. Ionic Bonding
The two oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other by a force called an ionic bond

5. Monatomic Cations
Name H+
Hydrogen
Li+
Lithium
Na+
Sodium K+
Potassium
Mg2+
Magnesium
Ca2+
Calcium
Ba2+
Barium
Al3+
Aluminum

6. Monatomic Anions
Name F-
Fluoride
Cl-
Chloride
Br-
Bromide I-
Iodide
O2-
Oxide
S2-
Sulfide
N3-
Nitride
P3-
Phosphide

7. Properties of Ionic Compounds
Structure:
Crystalline solids
Melting point:
Generally high
Boiling Point:
Electrical Conductivity:
Excellent conductors, molten and aqueous
Solubility in water:
Generally soluble

8. NaCl Crystal Lattice Ionic compounds form solids at SATP.
Ionic compounds organize in a characteristic crystal lattice of alternating positive and negative ions.
All lattices are arranged so that each ion has the greatest possible number of oppositely charged ions close by, while keeping similarly charged ions as far away as possible

9. Representing Ionic Compounds Lewis Diagrams
Formation of sodium chloride: Cl
· ·
Na+ [ ] Cl
· · Na +

10. Lewis Structures for Ionic CompoundsBa • O •• •• O Ba 2+ 2-
Ba and O
BaO Mg • Cl •• •• Cl Mg 2+ - 2
Mg and Cl
Binary ionic compounds.
Note the types of arrows used to move electrons – fishhooks for single e-.
Write the Lewis symbol for each atom Determine how many e- each atom must gain or lose.
Use multiples of one or both ions to balance the number of electrons.
MgCl2

11. Representing Ionic Compounds Criss-Cross Method
For monatomic ions:
Take the absolute value of the ionic charge for the cation and make it the subscript for the anion and vice versa.
Example: Al3+ and Cl-
The 3 becomes the subscript for the chloride ion and the 1 becomes understood for aluminum.
Forming aluminum chloride: AlCl3

12. Representing Ionic Compounds Criss-Cross Method
For polyatomic ions:
Additional step of including brackets around the polyatomic ion if it has a subscript other than one.
Example: Mg2+ and OH-
The 2 becomes the subscript for the hydroxide ion, but brackets are needed to indicate 2 of each the O and the H.
The 1 becomes the understood subscript for Mg.
Forming magnesium hydroxide: Mg(OH)2

13. Polyatomic Ions NICK the CAMEL ate a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX
Underlined letter represents the symbol of the element.
The consonants represent the number of oxygen
The vowels represent the negative charge.
Eg. Underlined letter= N
Number of consanants= 3 represents oxygens
Number of vowels= 1 represents charge
NO3- Nitrate

14. Practice Problems
p. 68 #1,4
p. 71 #1-5
p. 73 #8-14
p. 74 #1-5