1. PANDA and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR
Klaus Peters, GSI and Ruhr-University Bochum
Beijing, October 15, 2004 DD
DD*
ψ(11D2)
ψ(13D2)
ψ(13D3)
ψ(13D1)
ηc(11S0)
ηc(21S0)
J/ψ(13S1)
χc0(13P0)
χc1(13P1)
χc2(13P2)
h1c(11P1)
D*D*
ψ(33S1)
ψ(23S1)
χc0(23P0)
χc1(23P1)
χc2(23P2)
h1c(21P1)
ηc(31S0)
talk given at the 3rd Workshop on Quarkonium

2. Overview FAIR Project Antiproton Project Where do we stand?
Storage Ring
Physics at Panda
Panda Experiment
Other Experiments
Where do we stand?
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

3. Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

4. Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
Hadron Physics
Plasma Physics
Existing GSI Facilities
Condensed Baryonic Matter
Rare Isotope Beams
Atomic Physics
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

5. Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
Panda
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

6. The Antiproton Facility - HESR
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

7. The Antiproton Facility - HESR
Antiproton production similar to CERN
HESR = High Energy Storage Ring
Production rate 107/s
Pbeam = GeV/c
Nstored = 5 x 1010 p
Gas-Jet/Pellet/Wire Target
High luminosity mode
Luminosity = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1
δp/p ~ (stochastic cooling)
High resolution mode
δp/p ~ (electron cooling)
Luminosity = 1031 cm-2s-1
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

8. QCD of bound states: Approach
Increase precision
measure static properties of well known states
Increase the database of decays
search for unusual decay modes to gain information
Excite additional modes
search for gluonic and radial excitations of hadrons
search for gluonic excitation of the strong vacuum
Put the hadrons to the limits
put the hadrons in vacuum with different baryon density
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

9. Panda Participating Institutes
more than 300 physicists (48 institutes) from 15 countries:
U Basel
IHEP Beijing
U Bochum
U Bonn
U & INFN Brescia
U & INFN Catania
U Cracow
GSI Darmstadt
TU Dresden
JINR Dubna (LIT,LPP,VBLHE)
U Edinburgh
U Erlangen
NWU Evanston
U & INFN Ferrara
U Frankfurt
LNF-INFN Frascati
U & INFN Genova
U Glasgow
U Gießen
KVI Groningen
U Helsinki
IKP Jülich I + II
U Katowice
IMP Lanzhou
U Mainz
U & Politecnico & INFN Milano
U Minsk
TU München
U Münster
BINP Novosibirsk
LAL Orsay
U Pavia
IHEP Protvino
PNPI Gatchina
U of Silesia
U Stockholm
KTH Stockholm
U & INFN Torino
Politechnico di Torino
U Oriente, Torino
U & INFN Trieste
U Tübingen
U & TSL Uppsala
U Valencia
IMEP Vienna
SINS Warsaw
U Warsaw
Spokesperson: Ulrich Wiedner
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

10. Panda Physics Overview
Charmonium spectroscopy
Charmed hybrids and glueballs
Interaction of charmed particles with nuclei
Hypernuclei
Many further options
Open charm decays
Wide angle compton scattering
Baryon-Antibaryon production
CP-Violation (Λ,D)
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

11. Charmonium Physics cc1 e+e- interactions: pp reactions:
Only 1-- states are formed
Other states only by secondary decays moderate mass resolution
3500
3520 MeV
3510
CBall ev./2 MeV
100
ECM
CBall
E835
cc1
1000
E 835 ev./pb
pp reactions:
All states directly formed
very good mass resolution
CBall, Edwards et al. PRL 48 (1982) 70
E835, Ambrogiani et al., PRD 62 (2000)
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

12. Resonance Cross Section
Resonance Scan
ECM
Resonance Cross Section
Measured Rate
Beam Profile
small and well controlled beam momentum spread Dp/p is extremely important
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

13. Proton-Antiproton Annihilation
Formation
only selected JPC p
Production
all JPC available
recoil p
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

14. Proton-Antiproton Annihilation
Formation
nng
only selected JPC H p
ssg/ccg G p
Production
all JPC available M p H
nng M H p
ssg/ccg G M p
Gluon rich process creates gluonic excitation directly
cc requires the quarks to annihilate (no rearrangement)
yield comparable to charmonium production
even at low momenta large exotic content has been proven
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

15. Charmonium Physics with pp
Expect 1-2 fb-1 (like CLEO-C)
pp (>5.5 GeV/c) ® J/ψ 107/d
pp (>5.5 GeV/c) ® χc2 (® J/ψγ) 105/d
pp (>5.5 GeV/c) ® ηc´(® ff) 104/d|rec.?
Comparison of to E835
15 GeV/c maximum mom. instead of 9 GeV/c
10x higher Luminosity than achieved before
charged tracks detector with magnetic field
10x smaller δp/p
stable conditions dedicated high energy storage ring
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

16. P P S S Charmed Hybrids LQCD:
gluonic excitations of the quark-antiquark-potential may lead to bound states
S-potential
for one-gluon exchange
P-potential
from excited gluon flux
mHcc ~ GeV/c2
Light charmed hybrids could be narrow if open charm decays are inaccessible or suppressed
V(R)/GeV P P
Hcc 4
J/ψ χc ψ‘ S S DD
3.5 3
R/r0 1 2
important <r2> and rBreakup
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

17. LQCD ccg 1-+ vs. cc 1-- (J/ψ)
m(ccg)
Model
Group
Reference
4390 80
200
isotropic
MILC97
PRD56(1997)7039
4317
150
MILC99
NPB93Supp(1999)264
4287
JKM99
PRL82(1999)4400
4369 37 99
anisotropic
ZSU02
hep-lat/
D(1-+,1--)
m(ccg)- m(cc)
1340
1220
1323
130
CP-PACS99
PRL82(1999)4396
1190
1302
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

18. Charmed Hybrid Level Scheme
1-- (0,1,2)-+ < 1++ (0,1,2)+-
JKM, NPB 83suppl(2000)304 and Manke, PRD57(1998)3829
L-Splitting
Δm ~ MeV/c2 for 1-+ to 0+-
S-Splitting
Page thesis,1995 and PRD 35(1987)1668
4.14 (0-+) to 4.52 GeV/c2 (2-+)
consistent w/LQCD
JKM, NPB 86suppl(2000)397, PLB478(2000) 151
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
DD**
4.2
4.1
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

19. Accessible Charmed Hadrons at PANDA @ GSI
p Momentum [GeV/c] 2 4 6 8 10 12 15 ΛΛ ΣΣ ΞΞ ΩΩ DD
ΛcΛc
ΣcΣc
ΞcΞc
ΩcΩc
Two body
thresholds
DsDs
Molecules
qqqq
ccqq
Gluonic
Excitations
nng,ssg
ccg
Hybrids
nng,ssg
ccg
Hybrids+Recoil
exotic
charmonium
ggg,gg
Glueball
Glueball+Recoil
ggg
qq Mesons
light qq
π,ρ,ω,f2,K,K* cc
J/ψ, ηc, χcJ
conventional
charmonium 1 2 3 4 5 6
Other exotics with identical decay channels ® same region
Mass [GeV/c2]
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

20. Heavy Glueballs
Light gg/ggg-systems are complicated to identify (mixing!)
Exotic heavy glueballs
m(0+-) = 4140(50)(200) MeV
m(2+-) = 4740(70)(230) MeV
Width unknown, but!
nature invests more likely in mass than in momentum
newest proof: double cc yield in e+e-
Flavour-blindness
predicts decays into charmed final states too
Same run period as hybrids
In addition: scan m>2 GeV/c2
0+-
2+-
Morningstar,Peardon, PRD60(1999)34509
Morningstar,Peardon, PRD56(1997)4043
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

21. Recent open charm discoveries
The DS± Spectrum
|cs> + c.c. was not expected to reveal any surprises
Potential model
Old measurements
New observations
m [GeV/c2]
Ds1
D*K
Ds2*
DsJ
(2458)
D0K
DsJ*
(2317)
Ds* Ds 0- 1- 0+ 1+ 2+ 3- JP
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

22. Ds[J][*]± Pairproduction in pp Annihilation
Associated Pair m/MeV/c2 JP
Channel (+cc)
Final State
Ds(1968.5)
Ds (1968.5)
3937.0
0+,1-,2+,3-,4+
Ds+Ds-
2K-2K+p+p-
Ds*(2112.4)
4080.9
0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+
Ds+(Ds-g)
2K-2K+p+p-g
4224.8
0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+
(Ds+g)(Ds-g)
2K-2K+p+p-gg
DsJ*(2317.5)
4286.0
0-,1+,2-,3+,4-
Ds+(Ds-p0)
2K-2K+p+p-p0
DsJ(2458.5)
4427.0
Ds+((Ds-g)p0)
2K-2K+p+p-p0g
4429.9
(Ds+g)(Ds-p0)
Ds1(2535.4)
4503.9
Ds+(D*-K0)
2K-K+KSp+2p-(p0)
DsJ*(2572.4)
4540.9
Ds+(D0K-)
2K-2K+p+p-(p0)
4570.9
(Ds+g)((Ds-g)p0)
2K-2K+p+p-p0gg
4635.0
(Ds+p0)(Ds-p0)
2K-2K+p+p-2p0
4647.9
(Ds+g)(D*-K0)
2K-K+KSp+2p-(p0)g
4684.4
(Ds+g)(D0K-)
2K-2K+p+p-(p0)g
D1*(2770)
4738.5
Ds+(Ds-p+p-)
2K-2K+2p+2p-
4776.0
(Ds+p0)((Ds-g)p0)
2K-2K+p+p-2p0g
D2(2870)
4838.5
0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+
Ds+((Ds-g)p+p-)
2K-2K+2p+2p-g
4852.9
(Ds+p0)(D*-K0)
2K-K+KSp+2p-(1-2)p0
4882.4
(Ds+g)(Ds-p+p-)
4889.9
(Ds+p0)(D0K-)
2K-2K+p+p-(1-2)p0
4917.0
((Ds+g)p0)((Ds-g)p0)
2K-2K+p+p-2p0gg
4982.4
(Ds+g)((Ds-g)p+p-)
2K-2K+2p+2p-gg
4993.9
((Ds+g)p0)(D*-K0)
2K-K+KSp+2p-(1-2)p0g
5030.9
((Ds+g)p0)(D0K-)
2K-2K+p+p-(1-2)p0g
5070.8
(D*+K0)(D*-K0)
K-K+2KS2p+2p-(0-2)p0
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

23. Ds[J][*]± Pairproduction in pp Annihilation
Associated Pair m/MeV/c2 JP
Channel (+cc)
Final State
Ds(1968.5)
Ds (1968.5)
3937.0
0+,1-,2+,3-,4+
Ds+Ds-
2K-2K+p+p-
Ds*(2112.4)
4080.9
0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+
Ds+(Ds-g)
2K-2K+p+p-g
4224.8
0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+
(Ds+g)(Ds-g)
2K-2K+p+p-gg
DsJ*(2317.5)
4286.0
0-,1+,2-,3+,4-
Ds+(Ds-p0)
2K-2K+p+p-p0
DsJ(2458.5)
4427.0
Ds+((Ds-g)p0)
2K-2K+p+p-p0g
4429.9
(Ds+g)(Ds-p0)
Ds1(2535.4)
4503.9
Ds+(D*-K0)
2K-K+KSp+2p-(p0)
DsJ*(2572.4)
4540.9
Ds+(D0K-)
2K-2K+p+p-(p0)
4570.9
(Ds+g)((Ds-g)p0)
2K-2K+p+p-p0gg
4635.0
(Ds+p0)(Ds-p0)
2K-2K+p+p-2p0
4647.9
(Ds+g)(D*-K0)
2K-K+KSp+2p-(p0)g
4684.4
(Ds+g)(D0K-)
2K-2K+p+p-(p0)g
D1*(2770)
4738.5
Ds+(Ds-p+p-)
2K-2K+2p+2p-
4776.0
(Ds+p0)((Ds-g)p0)
2K-2K+p+p-2p0g
D2(2870)
4838.5
0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+
Ds+((Ds-g)p+p-)
2K-2K+2p+2p-g
4852.9
(Ds+p0)(D*-K0)
2K-K+KSp+2p-(1-2)p0
4882.4
(Ds+g)(Ds-p+p-)
4889.9
(Ds+p0)(D0K-)
2K-2K+p+p-(1-2)p0
4917.0
((Ds+g)p0)((Ds-g)p0)
2K-2K+p+p-2p0gg
4982.4
(Ds+g)((Ds-g)p+p-)
2K-2K+2p+2p-gg
4993.9
((Ds+g)p0)(D*-K0)
2K-K+KSp+2p-(1-2)p0g
5030.9
((Ds+g)p0)(D0K-)
2K-2K+p+p-(1-2)p0g
5070.8
(D*+K0)(D*-K0)
K-K+2KS2p+2p-(0-2)p0
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

24. Charmed Hadrons in Nuclear Matter
Partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear matter
Light quarks are sensitive to quark condensate
Evidence for mass changes of pions and kaons has been deduced previously:
deeply bound pionic atoms
(anti-)kaon yield and phase space distribution
D-Mesons are the QCD analogue of the H-atom.
chiral symmetry to be studied on a single light quark
vacuum
nuclear medium p K
25 MeV
100 MeV K+ K- p- p+
Hayaski, PLB 487 (2000) 96
Morath, Lee, Weise, priv. Comm. D-
50 MeV D D+
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

25. Charmonium in the Nuclei
GeV/c2 Mass
Lowering of the D+D- mass
allow charmonium states to decay into this channel,
thus resulting in a dramatic increase of width
ψ(1D) Γ=20®40 MeV
ψ(2S) Γ=0,32®2,7 MeV
Experiment:
Dilepton-Channels and/or highly constrained hadronic channels
Idea
Study relative changes of yield and width of the charmonium states
y(33S1) 4
3.8
y(13D1)
3,74
3,64
3,54
vacuum
1r0
2r0
y(23S1)
3.6
cc2(13P2)
cc1(13P1)
3.4
cc1(13P0)
3.2
y(13S1)
hc(11S0) 3
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

26. Charmonium mass shift in nuclear matter
Quantum numbers
QCD 2nd Stark eff.
Potential model
QCD sum rules
Effects of DD loop ηc
0-+
–8 MeV [1]
–5 MeV [4]
J/ψ
1--
-10 MeV [3]
–7 MeV [4]
< 2 MeV [5]
cc0,1,2
0,1,2++
-40 MeV [2]
-60 MeV [2]
ψ(3686)
-100 MeV [2]
< 30 MeV [2]
ψ(3770)
-140 MeV [2]
[1] Peskin, NPB 156(1979)365, Luke et al., PLB 288(1992)355
[2] Lee, nucl-th/
[3] Brodsky et al, PRL 64(1990)1011
[4] Klingel, Kim, Lee, Morath, Weise, PRL 82(1999)3396
[5] Lee, Ko PRC 67(2003)038202
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

27. Proposed Detector (Overview)
High Rates
Total σ ~ 55 mb
peak > 107 int/s
Vertexing
(σp,KS,Λ,…)
Charged particle ID
(e±,μ±,π±,p,…)
Magnetic tracking
Elm. Calorimetry
(γ,π0,η)
Forward capabilities
(leading particles)
Sophisticated Trigger(s)
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

28. LoI Analysis 1: ηc®γγ Main background Analysis Main Requirement
π0π0 and π0γ
with strong forward peaks
only cos θη≤0.2, like E760 did
Analysis
missing mass<0.16 GeV2
cos θγγ<
Efficiency 10.3 % (full kinematical region)
Main Requirement
very low energy threshold for backward EMC
Signal
Background
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

29. LoI Analysis 2: ψ(3770)®D*+D*-
Peak cross section
assume 5 nb
Analysis
two displaced vertices
mass difference technique
helicity angle cut
20% efficiency
To be done
Kalman filter (for improved resolution)
Particle (Kaon) ID mm
Signal
Background
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

30. LoI Analysis 3: μ+μ- from J/ψ produced in p63Cu
Signal
Calculations from A. Sibirtsev at √s=4.05 GeV/c2
Background
UrQMD events
Muons come from the decay of light hadrons
To be done
more statistics fro the UrQMD background, so that the background shape under the J/ψ is clearly visible
J/ψ
Signal
Background
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

31. PAX – Polarized Antiproton Experiment
Motivation
The transversity distribution is the last leading-twist missing piece of the QCD description of the partonic structure of the nucleon
The transversity distribution is directly accessible uniquely via the double transverse spin asymmetry ATT in the Drell-Yan production of lepton pairs ....
... and/or via J/ψ production, which might be two orders of magnitude higher
Main problems:
physics favors large s (>50 GeV2)
needs large polarization of beam and target
beam polarization technique unverified
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

32. ASSIA – A Study of Spin dependent Interactions with Antiprotons
Investigate also Drell-Yan
Proposed with 40 GeV/c beam accelerated by SIS300
Target
NH3 10g/cm2
Luminosity
up to 1.5x1031cm-2s-1
as single user
Detector
first part of COMPASS
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

33. Recommendations of the FAIR QCD PAC
Panda
The PAC accepts the letter and asks the proponents to go ahead to a Technical Proposal
PAX and ASSIA
The PAC considers the spin physics of extreme interest and the building of an antiproton polarized beam as a unique possibility for the FAIR project,
but
does not approve the letters of intent
asking
for a more detailed study of achievable antiproton polarization and the anticipated physics results.
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

34. International Steering Committee
FAIR Structure
AFI
Administrative and
Financial Issues
ISC
International Steering Committee
STI
Scientific and
Technical Issues
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

35. FAIR Phases AFI STI MoU Phase I – Governed by MoU
Phase I – Governed by contracts
Contract Development
Contract Negotiations
Closing
2004
2005
2006
STI
LoI
Proposals/TR s
TDR s
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

36. Road Map towards completion assuming proper funding
2004 (Jan. 15th, April 15th) Letters of Intent of experiments and evaluations
ASSIA, CBM, FLAIR,PANDA, PAX, DIRAC2, Laser Cool
2005, January 15th Technical Proposals of all projects (TP) with Milestones (Accelerators, Experiments, …..) followed by Evaluations and Green Light for Construction
2005, May Project construction starts (dominantly Civil Construction)
Technical Design Reports (TDR) (according to Milestones TPs)
High Intensity Running at SIS18
LHC is running, laboratories have free valences
for construction of accelerators and detectors
SIS100 Tunnel ready for Installation
SIS100 Commissioning followed by Physics
Step-by-Step Commissioning of the full Facility
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR

37. It’s an amazing time in charm spectroscopy
Summary and Outlook
It’s an amazing time in charm spectroscopy
many new states – but no coherent picture
Where are gluonic excited charmonia (hybrids)
spectrum, widths and decay channels
What are the new DsJ states and the X(3872)
what are their properties like width and decay channels
Interaction with nuclear matter
mass shifts, broadening and attenuation
Only high precision experiments can finally help to solve the puzzle like GSI
K. Peters - Panda and Charmonium Prospects at FAIR