1. QUARTER 1 EXAM US HISTORY II
USII.2.b through USII.6.c

2. 2.b: Relationship between natural resources, transportation, and industrial development
WHAT MAKES THIS HAPPEN?
TRANSPORTATION

3. 2.b continued: INDUSTRIES AND WHERE THEY ARE LOCATED
TEXTILES – NEW ENGLAND
STEEL – PITTSBURGH, PA
MEATPACKING
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
AUTOMOBILE – DETROIT, MICHIGAN

4. 2.c US REGIONS

5. 3.a: Impact of the 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments
13th Amendment: Banned Slavery
14th Amendment: Grants Citizenship to those born in USA
15th Amendment: Guarantees voting rights to male citizens
Supported strongly by Frederick Douglas

6. 3.b: RECONSTRUCTION POLICIES
African Americans COULD hold political office
Former Southern military leaders COULD NOT hold political office
Freedmen’s Bureau: Established to help/aid former enslaved
African Americans
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866 GAVE EQUAL RIGHTS TO AFRICAN AMERICANS; authorized use of Federal troops – mainly northern soldiers

7. 3.b (continued) Reconstruction Policies & Problems
Southerners resented Northern “carpetbaggers” some of whom took advantage of the South during Reconstruction
END OF RECONSTRUCTION:
Ended in 1877 as a result of the election compromise of 1876.
Federal troops removed from South
Rights African Americans had gained were lost through “Jim Crow” laws
“Jim Crow” laws also impacted Am. Indians

8. 3.c: LEGACIES OF LINCOLN, LEE, & DOUGLAS
Lincoln: Preserve the Union not punish the South
Lee: Wanted South to reconcile with the Union
Frederick Douglas: Fought for 15th Amendment voting rights

9. 4.a: WESTWARD EXPANSION (reasons for moving west)
ADVENTURE
OWN LAND
TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD (JOBS)
DISCOVER GOLD/SILVER (WEALTH)
NEW LIFE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS

10. 4.a continued IMPACT ON AMERICAN INDIANS
Chief Joseph-Leader of the Nez Perce said, “I will fight no more forever”
FORCED RELOCATION FROM TRADITIONAL HOMELANDS TO RESERVATION (SITTING BULL)
OPPOSITION BY AM. INDIANS TO WESTWARD EXPANSION: BATTLE OF LITTLE BIG HORN (CUSTER’S LAST STAND) INDIANS WIN
GERONIMO FOUGHT FOR APACHE TRIBAL LANDS

11. 4.a (continued): IMPACT ON AMERICAN INDIANS
ASSIMILATION:
AMERICAN INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOLS
DAWES ACT: RESERVATION LAND DIVIDED INTO SECTIONS; INDIANS FORCED TO FARM WITHOUT SKILLS OR PROPER TOOLS

12. 4.a (continued): IMPACT ON AMERICAN INDIANS
REDUCED INDIAN POPULATION THROUGH WARFARE, DISEASE. REDUCED BUFFALO HUNTING
BATTLE OF WOUNDED KNEE – LAST CONFLICT BETWEEN AMERICAN INDIANS AND US ARMY (INDIANS LOSE)
Battle of Little Big Horn – Sitting Bull: A victory for the Lakota and Custer’s Last Stand
Battle of Wounded Knee – The end of conflicts between American Indians and the US Military
Fought in the Midwest and Rocky Mountain Regions

13. Increased Immigration
4.b: IMMIGRATION, GROWTH OF CITIES, NEW INVENTIONS, AND CHALLENGES OF THE GROWTH/EXPANSION
Increased Immigration
Growth of Cities
Tenements & Ghettos
SETTLEMENT HOUSES
Growth caused by industrialization & urbanization

14. 4.b Immigration Immigration Hope for better opportunities
Desire for religious freedom
Escape oppressive governments
Desire for adventure
Immigration

15. 4.b Growth of Cities REASONS
Specialized industries
(steel/Pittsburgh)
(meatpacking/Chicago)
People moving from rural to urban for jobs
Immigration to America from other countries

16. 4.b: City challenges and efforts to solve immigrant problem
Efforts to solve problems:
Settlement Houses: Hull House founded by Jane Addams
Political Machines gained power by helping immigrants with jobs and housing in return for votes
Boss Tweed of Tammany Hall
Jane Addams – Hull House
Political Machines: Promise help to immigrants in exchange for votes; very corrupt.
Tenements & Ghettos are a challenge solved by settlement houses

17. 4.b Conflict between different cultural groups
Irish
Chinese
GROUPS DISCRIMINATED AGAINST
Jewish
Polish
Italian

18. 4.c: RACIAL SEGREGATION & THE RISE OF JIM CROW
EFFECT OF JIM CROW LAWS ON AFRICAN AMERICANS
PASSED TO DISCRIMINATE AGAINST AFRICAN AMERICANS
MADE DISCRIMINATION LEGAL
CHARACTERIZED BY: UNEQUAL HOUSING, EDUCATION, GOVERNMENT & WORK
UPHELD BY SUPREME COURT IN Plessy v. Ferguson [SEPARATE BUT EQUAL]

19. 4.c Racial Segregation
Based upon race; directed primarily at African Americans but other groups were also segregated
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882: 10 year stop on Chinese labor immigration
American Indians not citizens in until 1924

20. 4.c (continued) AFRICAN AMERICAN RESPONSE
Believed equality could be achieved though vocational education.
Started Tuskegee Institute
Wanted full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans.
Founded the NAACP with Ida B. Wells-Barnett
[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]

21. 4.d: IMPACT OF NEW INVENTIONS, RISE OF BIG BUSINESS, & GROWTH OF BIG BUSINESS
CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY
Carnegie
Rockefeller
Vanderbilt
Morgan
STEEL
RAILROADS & SHIPPING
OIL
BANKING

22. 4.d (continued): IMPACT OF NEW INVENTIONS, RISE OF BIG BUSINESS, & GROWTH OF BIG BUSINESS
USE OF MACHINES
MECHANIZATION
Reduced farm labor needs
Increased production

23. Negative Effects of Industrialization
Who thinks this is negative?
Progressives or Industrialists?
PROGRESSIVES

24. What they wanted to accomplish
4.e: PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT; RISE OF ORGANIZED LABOR; WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE; TEMPERANCE
PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT GOALS
What they wanted to accomplish
BETTER WAGES
SHORTER WORK HOURS
SAFER WORKING CONDITIONS
LIMITED WORK HOURS FOR CHILDREN AND MINIMUM AGE TO WORK

25. 4.d Reasons for business growth
National markets created by improved transportation
Advertising
Lower-cost production (assembly line)
No competition (monopolies and trusts)

26. 4.d Promotion of industrial growth in America
Access to raw materials & energy sources
Large immigrant workforce
New inventions
Financial resources

27. 4.e: Women’s Suffrage
DECLARATION OF SENTEMENTS – WRITTEN BY ELIZABETH CADY STANTON AND PRESENTED AT THE WOMEN’S RIGHTS CONVENTION IN SENECA FALLS
STATES THAT: “ALL MEN AND WOMEN ARE CREATED EQUAL…”
19TH AMENDMENT GAVE WOMEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE
OTHER IMPORTANT WOMEN IN THIS MOVEMENT:
SUSAN B. ANTHONY
LUCY BURNS
ALICE PAUL

28. Supported the 18th Amendment
4.e Temperance Movement
Made up of groups opposed to the making and consuming of alcohol
Supported the 18th Amendment

29. 5.a: SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
RESULTS
1. American economic interests in Cuba
2. Cuba’s fight for independence from Spain
3. Sinking of USS Maine
4. Yellow journalism
REASONS
1. CUBA GAINED INDEPENDENCE
2. US GAINED TERRITORIES
GUAM
PHILIPPINES
PUERTO RICO
3. US EMERGED AS A WORLD POWER

30. US GAINS NEW TERRITORIES AS A RESULT OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR:
PHILLIPINES
GUAM
PUERTO RICO

31. Spanish American War Timeline
1. Sinking of USS Maine
2. Yellow Journalism
3. Troops are sent to Cuba to fight

32. 5.b: Roosevelt Corollary & BIG STICK DIPLOMACY
Goals of Roosevelt Corollary:
To keep Europeans out of the Americas; prevent them from interfering in economic or political matters
Big Stick Diplomacy:
TRY TO WORK THINGS OUT PEACEFULLY; BUT LET YOUR OPPONENT KNOW YOU WILL BACK IT UP WITH MILITARY ACTION IF NEEDED

33. “Walk softly, but carry a big stick”
Used when building Panama Canal
Roosevelt grew the US Navy as a show of American Power.

34. PLAYERS: COUNTRIES INVOLVED
Allied Powers:
GREAT BRITAIN
FRANCE
RUSSIA
SERBIA
BELGIUM
Central Powers:
GERMANY
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
BULGARIA

35. 5.c: World War I REASONS FOR US INVOLVEMENT IN WORLD WAR I:
1.US WAS UNABLE TO STAY NEUTRAL
2.POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TIES TO GREAT BRITAIN (UNITED KINGDOM)
3.ZIMMERMANN TELEGRAM
4.GERMAN SUBMARINE WARFARE – SINKING OF LUSITANIA
AT THE END OF THE WAR:
*LEAGUE OF NATIONS WAS CREATED AS PART OF PRESIDENT WILSON’S 14 POINTS; A PLAN TO MAINTAIN WORLD PEACE.
*US DIDN’T JOIN BECAUSE SENATE FAILED TO SIGN TREATY OF VERSAILLES.