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Comparative Vertebrate Physiology

Published byHerbert Boone Modified over 6 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Comparative Vertebrate Physiology"— Presentation transcript:

1 Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
Vertebrate nervous systems

2 CNS organization

3 Spinal cord White matter Gray matter axons highly organized
cell bodies

4 Spinal cord Somatotopy Ascending and descending tracts

5 Sensory - motor coordination
Sensory input - motor output

6 Sensory-motor coordination
Sensory and motor cortex

7 Brain development Develops from a hollow, fluid-filled neural tube
Divisions prosencephalon mesencephalon rhombencephalon

8 Brain development Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain telencephalon
diencephalon Midbrain Hindbrain metencephalon myelencephalon

9 Brain Location of major structures

10 Brain evolution Traits increase in cerebrum size
cerebellum folded in birds and mammals

11 Hypothalamus Physiological role - hormone release
Thermoregulation (prostaglandins) Renal (ADH) Reproduction (oxytocin, GnRH)

12 Medulla oblongata Cardiovascular center Respiratory center
Signals from baroreceptors, chemoreceptors Respiratory center Signals from stretch receptors

13 ANS organization

14 ANS organization Sympathetic Parasympathetic T1 - L2 paravertebral
ganglia far from target organ Parasympathetic cranial, S2 - S4 ganglia close to target organ

15 Effects of divisions Organ Sympathetic stimulation Parasympathetic
Heart muscle Gut increase decrease Glands (salivary) slight secretion copious secretion Gastric Sweat none Basal metabolism Eye (pupil) dilation contraction Lungs dilate bronchioles constrict bronchioles

16 Pharmacology All preganglionic are cholinergic (Ach)
Postganglionic neurons of sympathetic are adrenergic (norepinepherine) Postganglionic neurons of parasympathetic are cholinergic (Ach)

17 Summary

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