1. ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY

2. What is electroconvulsive therapy?

3. HISTORY Early Greek & Roman times Italians Ugo Cerletti & Lucino Bini
German Lothar Kalinowsky
Introduced to France, Holland, England, U.S.
Austrian Leo Alexander
Key proponent in U.S.

4. Controversy Electroshock & insulin shock
-Argument against: “definite ‘organic’change in memory which does not entirely clear up…”
Argument for: “the reduction of intelligence is an important factor in the curative process”
Broken bones & fractured spines
Used muscle relaxants & anesthesia
Quick, clean & lucrative
For the psychiatrist

5. Since the 1970s Citizens Commission on Human Rights
- CA (and other states) passed bill prohibiting
* ECT without patient consent
* Use on children under 12
Bill became model for mental health law reform around the world
Many work for electroshock to be outlawed

6. FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS:
Get into groups (11) & answer questions 1-5
Number 1-11
Split into number groups and answer questions for your part of the article (NOTE ANY WORDS YOU ARE NOT SURE ABOUT)
Get back into group of 9 and share answers
Make sure to answer #32
Back to original seat for discussion

7. What is electroconvulsive therapy?