1. 1.5 ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

2. CARBONYL GROUP
Both aldehydes and ketones contain the CARBONYL group, which is a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.

3. - the carbonyl group is attached to 2 other carbon atoms ALDEHYDE
KETONE
- the carbonyl group is attached to 2 other carbon atoms
ALDEHYDE
- the carbonyl group is at the end of a chain of carbon atoms

4. NAMING ALDEHYDES
Replace the -e from the name of the parent alkane with -al.

5. DRAWING ALDEHYDES
a) hexanal
b) 7-hydroxyoctanal

6. NAMING KETONES
Replace the -e from the name of the parent alkane with -one

7. DRAWING KETONES
Draw the structural formula for 4,4-dimethyl-heptan-2-one

8. PRACTICE TIME!
p & 2
p & 2

9. PROPERTIES OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
polar molecules
dipole dipole forces
no H bonds
BP lower than alcohols
more soluble in water than alkanes (less than alcohols)
solubility decreases as length of carbon chain increases

10. FORMATION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
synthesized by the controlled oxidation of alcohol
reactant not completely oxidized (like in combustion) and results in an aldehyde or a ketone
oxidizing agents can vary; we simply refer to them as (O)

11. OXIDATION OF A PRIMARY ALCOHOL = AN ALDEHYDE
ethanol (O) > ethanal water

12. OXIDATION OF A SECONDARY ALCOHOL = A KETONE
propan-2-ol (O) > propanone water

13. TERTIARY ALCOHOLS?
not readily oxidized b/c there is no lone hydrogen available on the adjacent carbon atom.

14. HYDROGENATION REACTIONS
recall that this involves the addition of hydrogen to another molecule
in this case, the double bond is broken
one H atom is added to the O atom and the other is added to the C atom.
occur under high temperature and pressure as well as the presence of a catalyst.

15. HYDROGENATION OF AN ALDEHYDE = A PRIMARY ALCOHOL
ethanal H2 gas > ethanol

16. HYDROGENATION OF AN KETONE = A SECONDARY ALCOHOL
propanone H2 gas > propan-2-ol

17. CHECK OUT TUTORIAL 3 ON P. 45
HOMEWORK:
p. 45 #1-3
p. 46 #1-4