1. CELLS

2. The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic structural unit of life.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.

3. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

4. Prokaryotes and Prokaryotic Cells
NO membrane bound organelles
Most functions within the cell happen in one common space
No compartmentalization or specialization; single cells function alone (no tissue formation)
Generally smaller and more simple
Examples
Archaea
Bacteria

5. Prokaryotes (Archaea and Bacteria)
Cell wall
Made of peptidoglycan (sugars and amino acids)
Capsule
Protective shell
Nucleoid region
Clump of DNA
Plasmid
Extra loops of DNA
Ribosomes
Structures that translate DNA and produce proteins
Pili
Hairs for attachment

6. Eukaryotes And Eukaryotic Cells
Membrane bound organelles
Allow for compartmentalization, specialization, tissue formation (multiple cells working together in a single unit)
Generally larger and more complex
Examples
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protists

7. Animal Cells NO cell wall Centrioles
Made of microtubules help in cell division

8. Plant Cells Cell wall of cellulose Centrosomes Chloroplasts
made of microtubules help in cell division
Chloroplasts
convert energy from sun into sugar (photosynthesis) through cellular respiration
Central vacuole
Stores water for structural support

9. Fungus Cells
Cell wall of chitin (same thing insect exoskeletons are made of)
Spindle pole bodies made of microtubules help in cell division
NO chloroplasts or photosynthesis

10. Protists First eukaryotes Usually single-celled
Early ancestors of animals, plants and fungi
Usually single-celled
All have a single-celled stage in life cycle
Sometimes colonial (group together)
Animal-like, plant-like, fungal-like
May be a combination of characteristics

11. Prokaryotic Cell Movement
Flagella
Mechanical complex of proteins organized into rotary motor
Rotates like a propeller
Gliding Motion
Utilizes secretions and viscosity

12. Eukaryotic Cell Movement
Flagella
Tail like structure that uses whipping motion for locomotion;
Ex: spermatozoa, protists
Cilia
Hair like structure that uses beating motion for locomotion or movement of substances
Ex: Bronchial and fallopian tube lining, protists
Pseudopods
Amoebic, blob-like movement
Ex: White blood cells, protists

13. Cell Structures
Cytoplasm: cellular matrix; the jelly-like substance everything is suspended in; made mostly of water
Organelles: “little organs;” structures found within the cell that carry out certain functions
Only eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles

14. Cell Boundaries
Plasma Membrane: all cells have outer membrane containing the cytoplasm and organelles
Cell Wall: thick, hard, outer layer for structure and protection; most prokaryotes and some eukaryotes. Not in animal cells.

15. Next…
Cell membranes and cellular transport