1. Chapter 8
Logic
Topics

2. Propositions Must be objective (fact-based) Cannot be a question
May be indeterminate (the statement does not have the same answer for all people)

3. Pg. 233 example 1

4. Proposition notation Represented by letters such as p, q, & r.
The negation of a proposition is “not p”, and is written as ¬p.
The truth value of ¬p is the opposite of the truth value of p.

5. Pg. 234 Example 2

6. Negation & Venn Diagrams
U: Universal set
P : Truth set
P’: ¬p

7. Pg. 235 Example 3

8. Compound Propositions
Connective
Symbol
conjunction
and
True only when both propositions are true
disjunction or
True when one or both propositions are true
exclusive disjunction
or, but not both
True when only one proposition is true

9. Truth tables

10. Pg. 241 example 5

11. Tautology, Logical Contradiction & Logical Equivalence

12. Pg examples 6-9 6.

13. 7.

14. 8.

15. 9.

16. Implication & Equivalence
Implication: When 2 propositions can be linked with “If... then….”
p is the antecedent; q is the consequent
Equivalence: When 2 propositions can be linked with “…if and only if…”
Statement
Symbol
If p then q
Statement
Symbol
p if and only if q

18. Implication & Equivalence Truth Tables
Pg. 247 #5

21. Pg. 247 #6

23. Converse, Inverse & Contrapositive

24. PG. 248 #1

25. PG. 248 #2

26. VALID ARGUMENTS
A tautology indicates a valid argument.