1. Peer Learning

2. Meaning
A common thread runs from Socratic dialogues through Freirean critical pedagogy — the desire to be freed from the rigid boundaries of traditional social and political hierarchy. Although peer learning does not always imply a subversion of traditional roles and abandoning the teacher-student hierarchy, it does imply a strong personal commitment to your own learning and to your peers in a learning environment where all are co-learners.

3. Psychological Basis

4. “Education is not an affair of 'telling' and being told, but an active and constructive process.” John Dewey, Democracy and Education *Learners should constantly be challenged with tasks that refer to skills and knowledge just beyond their current level of mastery. This captures their motivation and builds on previous successes to enhance learner confidence (Brownstein 2001)

5. Edwin Hutchins developed the theory of Distributed Cognition
Edwin Hutchins developed the theory of Distributed Cognition. In this view, knowledge lies not only within the individual but is situated in the individual’s social and physical environment. Distributed cognition refers to processes whereby cognitive resources are socially shared, extending individual cognitive resources, and allowing groups to accomplish some things individuals cannot achieve alone.

6. Benefits Research Finding
Blikstein found that “through the exploratory building activities, not only did students become more autonomous and responsible, they learned to teach one another.”

7. Learners should constantly be challenged with tasks that refer to skills and knowledge just beyond their current level of mastery. This captures their motivation and builds on previous successes to enhance learner confidence (Brownstein 2001)

8. Strategies Wh template Word web/ mindmap Jigsaw Learning stations
Summarization/Diagramatic representation/ flow chart/chronologue
Dramatisation (history)
Group project