1. EVOLUTION

2. Which is the human embryo?

3. Which is the human embryo?

4. The Idea of Evolution
Evolution is the process of change in the inherited characteristics within populations over generations.

5. Evolutionary Relationships Between Whales and Hoofed Mammals

6. Ideas of Darwin’s Time
Scientific understanding of evolution began to develop in the 17th and 18th centuries as geologists and naturalists compared geologic processes and living and fossil organisms around the world.

7. study of solid earth and how it has changed
Ideas about Geology
Among geologists, Cuvier promoted the idea of catastrophism, and Lyell promoted uniformitarianism.
Cuvier Lyell

8. Lamarck’s Ideas on Evolution
Lamarck proposed the inheritance of acquired characteristics as a mechanism for evolution. Famous for “use it or lose it!”
He also proposed the theory that we all have a common ancestor as did Darwin.

9. Darwin’s Ideas Descent with Modification
Darwin wrote On the Origin of Species, in which he argued that descent with modification occurs, that all species descended from common ancestors, and that natural selection is the mechanism for evolution.

10. Darwin’s Voyage

11. Natural Selection
Organisms in a population adapt to their environment.
Favorable traits survive.
Those individuals that pass on more genes are considered to have greater fitness.

12. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Natural Selection: species adapt to their environment over long periods of time
Descent with modification: species are modifications of their ancestors before them
Genetic Variation: offspring are variations of their parents
Darwin’s theories were influenced by Thomas Malthus, a clergyman who wrote about how populations are affected by adverse conditions such as war, disease and limited resources.

13. Natural Selection

14. Evidence for evolution
The Fossil Record
The age of fossils
The distribution of fossils
Transitional species

15. The Fossil Record
Evidence of evolution can be found by comparing several kinds of data, from the fossil record, anatomy and development, and biological molecules.

16. The Age of Fossils
Geologic evidence supports theories about the age and development of Earth.

17. The Distribution of Fossils
The fossil record shows that the types and distribution of organisms on Earth have changed over time.

18. Species that have similar traits to their ancestors and living descendants
Transitional Species
Fossils of transitional species show evidence of descent with modification.

19. Are these animals from the same environment?

20. Are these animals from the same environment?

21. Are these animals from the same environment?

22. Biogeography
Biogeography, the study of the locations of organisms around the world, provides evidence of descent with modification.

23. Anatomy and Physiology
In organisms, analogous structures are similar in function but have different evolutionary origins.
Homologous structures have a common evolutionary origin.
Analogous
Homologous

24. Anatomy and Physiology, continued
A species with a vestigial structure probably shares ancestry with a species that has a functional form of the structure.

25. Embryological Structures
Related species show similarities in embryological development.

26. Biological Molecules
Similarity in the subunit sequences of biological molecules such as RNA, DNA, and proteins indicates a common evolutionary history.

27. Hemoglobin Comparison

28. Types of Evolution
On going examples of evolution among living organisms
can be observed, recorded, and tested.
In convergent evolution, organisms that are not closely related resemble each other because they have responded to similar environments.
Divergence and Radiation
In divergent evolution, related populations become less similar as they respond to different environments.
Adaptive radiation is the divergent evolution of a single group of organisms in a new environment.

29. Convergent

31. Divergent? Convergent? Radiation?

32. Divergent? Convergent? Radiation?

33. Divergent? Convergent? Radiation?

34. Natural Selection of Anole Lizard Species

35. Types of selection:
1. Disruptive
2. Stabilizing
3. Directional

36. Artificial Selection
The great variety of dog breeds is an example of artificial selection.

37. Coevolution- Things evolve together
Plant pollinators are an excellent example of
co-evolution.
Each animal has an adaptation to retrieve pollen and help to pollinate plants.

38. Coevolution

39. Review Name 3 theories Darwin is famous for.
How was Lamarck’s theory different that Darwin’s?
Name 3 ways science substantiates the theory of evolution.
Name 3 people responsible for helping Darwin with his theory of evolution.
What is genetic variation?