1. Organic Macromolecules
A macromolecule is a larger molecule (polymer) built by putting together smaller single units (monomers).
Always contain Carbon, so commonly called Carbon Compounds

2. 4 Types of Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

3. Carbohydrates Main source of immediate energy for living things
Plants and some animals use carbohydrates for structural purposes
Sugar or Starch

4. Carbohydrates – fuel and building material
Made up of C, H, and O,
Ratio of 2 H to every one C or O

5. Monosaccharides (Mono = 1)
Are major sources of energy for cells
Ex. Glucose – cellular respiration
Most common monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose
Glucose: *made during photosynthesis *main source of energy for plants and animals
Fructose: *found naturally in fruits *is the sweetest of monosaccarides
Galactose: *found in milk *is usually in association with glucose or fructose

6. Disaccharide
Disaccharide – two monosaccharide bonded together.
table sugar(sucrose) is made up of glucose and fructose bonded together,
milk sugar(lactose) is made up of glucose and galactose

7. Figure 5.5 Examples of disaccharide synthesis

8. Polysaccharide – more than two monosaccharide bonded together
Serve as storage material or building material
Storage (ex: starch, glycogen)
Structural (ex: cellulose, chitin)
Pasta and breads are polysaccharide
Potatoes are an example of a starch

9. Lipids (fats and oils)
Used to store energy
Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings
Contains C, H, and O. Many more H then O or C.

10. Lipid Structure
Lipid molecules are made up of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol (Triglycerides)

11. Saturated fat
(solid at room temp)
Unsaturated fat
(liquid at room temp)
No carbon to carbon double bond
Contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond

12. Nucleic Acids
DNA
Store and transmit hereditary or genetic information
RNA- ribonucleic acid
DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid
Contains C, H, O, N, and P

13. Nucleic Acid Structure
Monomer is the nucleotide
Consist of 3 parts
5-carbon sugar
A phosphate group
Nitrogenous base

14. Proteins – “Super Heros”
Contain C, H, O, N, and some have S.
Control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. (enzymes are proteins)
Used to form bones and muscles
Transport substances into or out of cells or help to fight disease

15. Amino Acid Structure (Monomer for Protein)
Contain an amino end (NH2 and a carboxyl end (COOH)
20 different amino acids are commonly found in proteins

16. Protein Structure
1)Primary - amino acid sequence in a polypeptide chain
2)Secondary - polypeptide chains hydrogen bonded into an α helix or β sheet
3)Tertiary - one complete protein chain clumped up
4)Quaternary - many protein lumps stuck together

17. Carbon Macromolecules
Compounds
include
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Sugars and
starches
Fats and oils
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,