1. Carbon based – carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
MACROmolecules
Carbon based – carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

2. Carbohydrates Monomer: monosaccharide or single glucose molecule
Functions
Helps digestive system-fiber
Component of cell membrane and cell wall
IMMEDIATE source of energy
Broken down by the mitochondria to produce ATP (energy molecules)
Types
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Examples
Glucose
Starch
Fructose
Sucrose
Lactose
Cellulose
Maltose
Potato, pasta, sugar, vegetables
Mitochondria
ATP

3. LIPIDS Monomer: fatty acids Functions Types Examples Insulates
Protects internal structures
STORED energy
Chemical signals (hormones)
Compose majority of cell membrane due to hydrophobic properties
Types
Fats
Steroids
Examples
Fat
Oil
Wax
Cholesterol
WOW! Get as many of those fatty acids as possible to use over the winter during hibernation!!

4. Protein Monomer: amino acids Functions Important Information Examples
Build muscle
Everyday activities
Control and regulate the rate of chemical reactions
Function of the protein is determined by the genetic material (DNAamino acid sequence)
Important Information
Ribosomes link amino acids to make the protein (polypeptide)
Enzymes are also known as biological catalysts
Examples
Enzymes
Muscle
hair/eye color
Meat, beans, fish

5. Nucleic acid Monomer: nucleotide Functions Important Information
Genetic instructions
Important Information
Found in the nucleus of eukarytoes (animals, plants, fungi and protists)
Free floating in prokaryotes (bacteria)
The instructions to make protein
Examples
DNA
RNA
Bacteria – no nucleus
RNA – single strand