1. 6.3 Notes Biomolecules

2. Biomolecules notes outline
4 biomolecules 1. carbohydrates 2. lipids 3. proteins 4. nucleic acids
For each: elements: functions: subunits: examples:

3. Biomolecules
Organic compound—compound that contains carbon exception: CO2
All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N)

4. Biomolecules
Polymer—Large molecule formed when smaller molecules called monomers are bonded together (like a chain)
1. carbs
2. lipids
3. proteins
4. nucleid acids

5. 1. Carbohydrates (sugars/ starch)
Made of C, H, O
Functions—
1. store and release quick energy
2. provide structural support
Building blocks (Subunits) are monosaccharides
ex. Cell wall, exoskeleton

6. Types of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide—most simple, single sugar
Ex.Glucose
Disaccharide—sugar composed of 2 monosaccharides
Ex. Sucrose (table sugar)

7. Types of Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide—polymer composed of many monosaccharides linked in a chain
ex. Glycogen—stores energy in animals
ex. Starch—stores energy in plants
ex. Cellulose– forms cell walls of plants

8. Can you think of some foods rich in carbohydrates?

9. 2. Lipids Made up of C, H, O Fats, oils, waxes, steroids
(nonpolar so insoluble in water)
Functions:
1. long term energy storage
2. insulation
3. protective coverings
4. make up cell membranes
5. chemical messengers

10. Lipids
Building blocks (subunits)—made up of 1 glycerol and three fatty acid chains

11. Lipids
Saturated fat—solid at room temperature (ex. beef and dairy fat), all single carbon bonds
Unsaturated fat—liquid at room temperature (ex. peanut, corn, and olive oil), at least one double bond

12. Foods with lipids?

13. 3. Proteins Made of C, H, O, N Functions— 1. muscle contraction
2. transporting O2 in blood
3. help fight disease (immunity)
4. speeding up chemical reactions (enzymes)

14. Protein Building blocks—amino acids (there are 20 in organism)
Peptide bonds—bonds that hold the amino acids together in a chain

15. Proteins
Found in—meat, beans, dairy, hair, nails, and muscle

16. Foods with proteins?

17. 4. Nucleic acids Nucleic acids—made of C, H, O, N, P Function—
1. stores genetic information in the form of a code

18. Nucleic Acids
Building blocks (subunits)—nucleotides, which are made of nitrogen base, sugar, and phosphate

19. Nucleic Acids Examples—DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)