1. How are acids and bases chemical make up different from each other?
November 27, 2017
How are acids and bases chemical make up different from each other?
Look over your notes for your quiz.
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2. Macromolecules

3. Organic Compounds
Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic.

4. Macromolecules Large organic molecules. Also called POLYMERS.
Made up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS.
Examples:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

5. Dehydration Synthesis
Also called “condensation reaction”
Forms polymers by combining monomers by “removing water”. HO H
H2O HO H

6. Hydrolysis
Separates monomers by “adding water” HO H
H2O HO H

7. Carbohydrates Small sugar molecules to large sugar molecules.
Function in providing energy for the body
Examples:
A. monosaccharide
B. disaccharide
C. polysaccharide

8. Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide: one sugar unit Examples: glucose (C6H12O6) deoxyribose ribose Fructose Galactose
glucose

9. Carbohydrates Disaccharide: two sugar unit Examples:
Sucrose (glucose+fructose)
Lactose (glucose+galactose)
Maltose (glucose+glucose)
glucose

10. Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide: many sugar units Examples: starch (bread, potatoes) glycogen (beef muscle) cellulose (lettuce, corn)
glucose
cellulose

11. Lipids General term for compounds which are not soluble in water.
Made up of fatty acids
Remember: “stores the most energy”
Examples: 1. Fats
2. Phospholipids
3. Oils
4. Waxes

12. Hydrogen Added for Shelf Life
Types of Lipids
Occurs in Nature
State
Healthy
Unsaturated Fats
Natural
Liquid
Good
Trans Fats
Hydrogen Added for Shelf Life
Solid
Bad
Saturated Fats
Not so Good

13. Lipids
Functions of lipids: 1. Long term energy storage 2. Insulation 3. Water barrier 4. Major component of membranes

14. Proteins (Polypeptides)
Made up of amino acids
Function determined by the shape of the amino acid
Six functions of proteins:
1. Storage
2. Transport
3. Regulatory
4. Movement
5. Structure
6. Enzymes

15. Nucleic acids Two types:
a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - blueprint for an organism
b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) - makes proteins
Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of nucleotides linked by dehydration synthesis.