1. Unit 1 Notes: Carbohydrates
Tuesday
Unit 1 Notes: Carbohydrates

2. (1) What is a Carbohydrate?
Type of Biomolecule
Means: “hydrated carbon”
Has the same ratio of H and O as in
Water.

4. (2) Element Composition:
Carbon (C)  The “backbone” of the molecule.
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)

6. (3) Monomer:
Monomer: Basic unit or Smallest unit of a polymer (larger molecule).
Carbohydrate Monomer:
Monosaccharide = Single Sugar

8. (4) Polymer:
Polymer: A larger structure (molecule) made of many smaller units (monomers).
Carbohydrate Polymer:
Polysaccharide = Many sugars

11. (5) Types of Carbohydrates:
Monosaccharide = 1 Sugar
Simple Sugar or Carb
Examples: Glucose, Fructose
Disaccharide = 2 Sugars
Examples: Sucrose, Maltose
Polysaccharide = Many Sugars
Complex Sugar or Carb
Examples: Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen

13. (6) Function: Major: Minor: Immediate energy Intermediate energy
Cell Structure

14. (7) Food Examples: Table Sugar Bread Pastries
Plants (cell walls / outer covering)
Potatoes
Whole Grains

15. (8) Simple vs. Complex Carbs
RECALL:
Energy is stored in bonds
More Bonds = More Energy
Simple Carb:
Small molecule, Few molecules
Few bonds  Little Energy
Few bonds  Break Fast
Complex Carb:
Large molecule, Many parts
Many bonds  Lots of Energy
Many bonds  Break Slowly