1. Biomolecules – Part 2 Carbohydrates

2. Carbohydrates Main function in cell: quick energy;
main component of cell walls
Main dietary sources:
Foods high in sugar
Wheat, oats, rice
Potatoes and other starchy vegetables

3. Carbohydrates Common elements
Made of: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO) in a 1:2:1 ratio of atoms
Monomer
Monosaccharide
Mono = one & saccaride = sugar
Examples: glucose (shown), fructose, galactose

4. Carbohydrates I. Disaccharide: two sugar unit
Chemical Formula: C12H22O11
Example:
Sucrose – glucose + fructose = table sugar
Maltose – glucose + glucose = malt
Lactose – glucose + galactose = milk sugar

5. Carbohydrates
I. Polysaccharide: many sugar units; known as a complex carbohydrate, or complex sugar
Examples:
Starch (bread, potatoes) – stored in plants; 100s of glucose
Glycogen (beef muscle) – stored in liver and muscle of animals; maintains blood and sugar levels and generates ATP for muscle contraction
Cellulose (lettuce, corn) – in cell walls of plants; gives structural support to plants