1. Macromolecules

2. Macromolecules Large organic molecules (POLYMER)
Made up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS.
Examples:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

3. Carbohydrates Small to large sugars molecules. Examples:
A. monosaccharide: one sugar
B. disaccharide: 2 sugars
C. polysaccharide: many sugars

4. glucose MONOSACCHARIDE DISACCHARIDE POLYSACCHARIDE One sugar 2 sugar
Many sugars
EXAMPLES:
Glucose
Ribose
Deoxyribose
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
Starch (bread, potatoes
Glycogen (beef muscle)
Cellulose (plant cell walls)
glucose
cellulose
glucose
glucose

5. Lipids
General term for compounds which are not soluble in water. (HYDROPHOBIC)
Examples: 1. Fats
2. Phospholipids
3. Oils
4. Waxes
5. Steroid hormones
6. Triglycerides

6. Lipids functions of lipids: 1. Long term energy storage
2. Protection against heat loss (insulation)
3. Chemical messengers (hormones)
6. Cell membranes (phospholipids)

7. Lipids Triglycerides: composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids. = = =H
H-C----O
glycerol O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
fatty acids O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH
=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =

8. Fatty Acids Saturated fatty acids: no double bonds (bad)
Unsaturated fatty acids: double bonds (good) O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
saturated O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH
=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
unsaturated

9. Proteins (Polypeptides)
Monomer: Made up of amino acids (AA)
Six functions of proteins:
1. Storage:
Transport:
Regulatory:
Movement:
Structural:
6. Enzymes:

10. Nucleic acids Two types: a. DNA b. RNA
Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of nucleotides (MONOMER)

11. Nucleotide O O=P-O N CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 Phosphate Group
Nitrogenous base
(A, G, C, or T)
CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 5
Sugar
(deoxyribose)