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Figure 5.2 The synthesis and breakdown of polymers
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How many waters would be produced?
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Carbohydrates Sugars End in -ose CH2O
POLYMER, built of monosaccharide sugars
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Classes of Saccharides
Monsaccharides Disaccharides Simple sugars Polysaccharides Complex sugars
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Figure 5.3 The structure and classification of some monosaccharides
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Figure 5.3x Hexose sugars Just because they have the same chemical formula does not mean they look the same. Different shapes = different functions Glucose Galactose
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Figure 5.4 Linear and ring forms of glucose
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Figure 5.5 Examples of disaccharide synthesis
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Figure 5.5x Glucose monomer and disaccharides
Sucrose Maltose
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Mono and Disaccharides
Primarily used for energy in the body.
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Polysaccharides thousands of monosaccharides linked together
Storage and structural roles Glycogen, starch, cellulose, and chitin (contains nitrogen)
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Figure 5.7a Starch and cellulose structures
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Figure 5.7b,c Starch and cellulose structures
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Figure 5.7x Starch and cellulose molecular models
Glucose Glucose Cellulose Starch
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Figure 5.6 Storage polysaccharides
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Figure 5.8 The arrangement of cellulose in plant cell walls
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Fiber Largely undigestable –
Still important to your diet, helps promote contractions of intestinal lining.
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Figure 5.x1 Cellulose digestion: termite and Trichonympha
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Figure 5.x2 Cellulose digestion: cow
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Chitin Low weight, high strength material.
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Figure 5.9 Chitin, a structural polysaccharide: exoskeleton and surgical thread
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