1. The Building Blocks of Life
Macromolecules

2. Bell Work Vocabulary
Monomer
Polymer
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide

3. Carbon Carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules
Life on earth is considered “carbon- based”.
Organic = made of carbon

4. “Macromolecules” MACRO = BIG
MOLECULE = two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Aka biomolecules, carbon compounds, organic molecules

5. Macromolecules
Monomer: one building block
[“mono” means “one”]

6. Macromolecules Polymer: many building blocks put together
“Poly” means “many”
Polymerization-
making polymers

7. Building Macromolecules
Condensation Reaction- building molecules by removing water
This is also known as dehydration synthesis
Monomer
POLYMER
Monomer
H2O
Water out

8. Separating Macromolecules
Hydrolysis: breaking apart molecules by adding water
Monomer
H2O
Water in

9. Mini Quiz Building molecules by removing water is called .
One building block is called a .
What does it mean to be organic?

10. Macromolecules aka organic compounds, biomolecules, etc.
Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
Polymer – made from repeating subunits
Important Macromolecules:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats or Lipids
Nucleic Acids

11. Carbohydrates Consists of: Structure: Monomers Function Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Structure:
Often a hexagon shape
One oxygen and two hydrogen for every Carbon
2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen
Monomers
Monosaccharide
Function
Short term ENERGY!!!

12. Carbohydrates Examples: Monosaccharide – simple sugar
Glucose – provides energy to most living organisms(blood sugar need insulin to breakdown in liver)
Fructose –sweetness in fruits (liver breakdown)
Disaccharide – Two simple sugars bound together through condensation reaction
Lactose (glucose + galactose) and sucrose (glucose + fructose)
Polysaccharide (Complex Carbohydrates)-
long chain, “many” ( s of monosaccharides)
Glycogen – storage in liver or muscle of animals
Starch – storage in plants
Cellulose - Makes up outer boundary of a plant cell

13. Lipids and fats Structure:
Contain a glycerol molecule & chains called fatty acids
Lots of H’s and only a few O’s

14. Lipids and fats
Types:
Saturated – Animals store energy as saturated fats. The fatty acids stick to arterial walls and can lead to cardiovascular disease if not consumed in a cautious manner.
Unsaturated Fats: Plants store energy in unsaturated fats. These fats don’t stick to arterial walls in the same way as saturated fats do.

15. Lipids and Fats Examples Functions: LONG TERM energy storage
Insulation
Structure of the cell membrane (phospoholipid)
Examples
Steroids
Starting point for vitamin D and hormones (estrogen and testosterone)
Cholesterol- adds stability to the cell membrane
Waxes

16. Protein Made of: Amino Acids (building blocks of proteins) Consist of:
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Amino Group
Carboxyl Group

17. Putting Together A Protein (Protein Synthesis)

18. Protein Function & Examples Speed up reactions – enzymes in digestion
Transport substances (hemoglobin)
Provide structural support (collagen)
Make hormones – (estrogen, testosterone)
IMPROTANT:
Amino Acids are the
building blocks of proteins!

19. Enzymes Substances that help speed up chemical reactions
Substrate: The compound to be broken down or put together
hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter 2/animation__how_enzymes_work.html

20. Nucleic Acids Structure- has the letter P, looks like DNA
Monomer is nucleotides
Store and transmit genetic information
Examples: DNA & RNA
contain:
Carbon
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Hydrogen

21. Nucleic Acids Sugar phosphate backbone Base attached to the sugar

22. Nucleotides=
5 carbon sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base