1. MGMT 203 Aviation Safety and Security
Module 5

2. THIS DAY IN AVIATION October 17
1922 — Lieutenant V.C. Griffin, in a Vought VE-7SF airplane, achieves the first take-off from the USS Langley, America's first operational aircraft carrier

3. THIS DAY IN AVIATION October 17
1949 — The first Boeing C-97A “Stratofreighter” is delivered to the Military Air Transport Service.

4. Questions / Comments

5. Management of Aeronautical Science
Learning Objectives – Module 5 (10/16/17 – 10/27/17) Aviation Safety and Security
Upon successful completion of this module, you will be able to:
1.Define the four principles of a safety management system.
2.Differentiate between production and protection in a safety management system.
3.Demonstrate how the four pillars of safety management are the basic building blocks of safety management.
4.Explain how the FAA Air Transportation Oversight System (ATOS) can identify safety trends to prevent accidents.
5.Examine the roles and structures of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Transportation Security Administration (TSA), and General Accountability Office (GAO).
6.Define the Aviation Safety terms used in Advisory Circular
7.Examine the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) roles, responsibilities, and structure. From a management standpoint, interpret why you should review the NTSB report.
8.Describe the 5 M Model factors and its usage.
9.Describe the SHEL Model and its usage.

6. Readings Refer to Readings Presentation on ERAU Website Mod 5
Title 49 CFR Chapter X11 Parts Security 
FAA AC A Safety Management Systems for Aviation Service Provider 
Read pages 1-16
Read Appendix 1
Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) - Please review 14 CFR Parts:
119.
Textbook – Business and Corporate Aviation Management
Chapter 8: Safety

7. Discussion: 5.2 - Video: FAA System Safety Film : Wed Oct 25
Your post should be a minimum of 300 words with at least, two sources cited. Respond to at least two of your classmates. Your responses to classmates should be at least 100 words and contribute to the continuing conversation.

8. Discussion: Safety Hazardous Situation: Wed Oct 25

9. Module 5 Review Questions (Due Fri Oct 27)
Spend quality time responding to the following questions in your own words.
1. Define the four principles of a safety management system (SMS).
2. Demonstrate how the four pillars of safety management are the basic building blocks of safety management.
3. Explain how the FAA Air Transportation Oversight System (ATOS) can identify safety trends to prevent accidents.
4. Examine the roles and structures of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), specifically, address the aviation role for security.
5. You have been tasked by your CEO to analyze 14 CFR Part 119. Your airline is in the planning stages and he wants you to examine what is required for an airline safety program and also a specific safety management position responsible for the program. Please analyze his request in one or two paragraphs.

10. Term Paper Topics DUE Friday Dec 8, 2017
Your Final Term Paper must be at least 12 pages and consist of the following:
A title page
Main text (10 pages)
Reference page (current APA format)
The paper should include some of the headings below as appropriate:
Introduction
Description of the Company or Agency (Basically what business are you in)
Operation Description
Equipment or Aircraft
Maintenance Requirements
Manager’s Roles and Responsibilities
Staff Qualifications, Certifications, and Responsibilities
Human Factors
Quality Requirements
Regulations and Laws
Safety
Security
Environmental Responsibilities
Other Management Factors Considered
References (current APA format)
DUE Friday Dec 8, 2017
Aircraft Manufacturing Management
- Chris Corbett
Fire and Crash Rescue Management
- Trent Thompson
Helicopter Operations Management
- Casey Bradford

11. October 2017
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday 15 16
Module 5
Intro
Aviation Safety and Security 17
Aviation Safety and Security 18 19 20
Flightline Friday 21 22 23 24 25
Discussions Due 26
Beaufort County Airport (ILT) 27
Mighty 8th
Review Questions Due 28 29 30
Module 6
Human Factors and CRM 31
Human Factors and CRM 1 2
Human Factors and CRM 3
Flightline 4 5 6 7 8
Discussion Due 9 10 11

12. Assignments Due – Module 5 (10/16/17 – 10/27/17)
Management of Aeronautical Science
Assignments Due – Module 5 (10/16/17 – 10/27/17)
Review Module 5 Instructions for the following assignments:
Discussion Board Due (Video FAA System Safety)
(Due - Wed Oct 25) – 2 part (Post and Respond)
Discussion Board Due (Safety Hazardous Situation)
Review Questions – Aviation Safety and Security
(Due - Fri Oct 27) – 5 Questions

13. Questions / Comments

14. MGMT 203 Aviation Safety and Security
Module 5

15. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
Independent federal agency
Responsible for investigating all transportation accidents
Aviation
Railroad
Highway
Marine
Pipeline
Hazardous materials safety
Determine probable cause of the accident and provide recommendations. 15 15

16. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
Mission
Investigates transportation accidents
Determine the probable cause
Issue safety recommendation
Study transportation safety issues
Evaluate the government agencies involved in transportation
NTSB go-team dispatched to accident site
Accident reports are available at NTSB.gov
Recommend reviewing reports to identify lessons learned

17. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
Investigates accidents involving air traffic control, training, midair collisions, newly certified aircraft/engines, and in-flight fire or breakup.
General aviation accidents
In some cases delegated to the FAA for fact finding
NTSB does probable-cause determination

18. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
United Nations specialized agency that has member states
Annex 6 requires operators to have Safety Management Systems
Incorporated Safety Management Systems into Annex 11 and 14
ICAO accident investigation manual and narrative reports in ICAO Annex 13

19. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
ICAO’s Eight Critical Elements (CE) for safety oversight
Primary aviation legislation
Specific operating regulations
State civil aviation system and safety oversight functions
Technical personnel qualification and training
Technical guidance, tools and the provision of safety-critical information
Licensing, certification, authorization and approval obligations
Surveillance obligations
Resolution of safety concerns

20. Management Considerations
Research standards
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
National Safety Council
Do not forget union collective bargaining agreements or contracts

21. Management Considerations
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Found at specific manufacturer’s site
May be called the Product Safety Data Sheet
Considerations
Exposure limitations
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirements
Flash point
Temp at which a liquid will begin to give off ignitable vapors
Fire point
Temp at which there are sufficient vapors to support a fire (Flame)

22. Management Considerations
4 steps to resolve the hazard in this sequence
Engineering solution
Controlling solution
Personnel solution
Protective equipment solution

23. Management Considerations
4 steps to resolve the hazard
Engineering Solution
This is the first action to take to resolve the hazard.
Can the equipment or work environment be changed to prevent a potential hazard?
Use engineering controls to eliminate the potential hazard.

24. Management Considerations
4 steps to resolve the hazard
Controlling Solution
Can we change the way employees do their job to remove the potential hazard?
Change procedures
Guard or lock out provisions and implementation
Housekeeping and maintenance
Job rotation of workers

25. Management Considerations
4 steps to resolve the hazard
Personnel Solution
Signage
Training
Safety meetings

26. Management Considerations
4 steps to resolve the hazard
Protective Equipment Solution
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Eyes = safety glasses, goggles
Face = face shields
Head = hard hats
Feet = safety toe shoes, electrician shoes
Lungs = respirators, masks
Hands and arms = gloves
Bodies = vests
Hearing = earplugs, earmuffs
Go to OSHA General Requirements

27. SHEL Model, Edwards 1972 System design model Consists of 4 parts
Software
Hardware
Environment
Liveware
Humans
Consider interface between liveware and the other 3

28. SHEL Model Liveware Environment Humans
Data from Ergonomics/HF engineers
Looks at interactions between complete system (liveware to liveware)
Pilots, ATC, mechanics, etc.
Crew resource management training
Environment
All those factors that system designers have no control over
Look at aircraft and aerospace design test and evaluation
Stress testing, heat, radiation, pressures, weather, etc.

29. SHEL Model Hardware Software
Physical property such as buildings, vehicles, equipment, materials, etc.
Data from engineers
Software
Governs how system operates and how information within it is organized.
Procedural changes
Software cannot be in conflict with liveware (human).
Must consider human interface with graphics, symbols, etc.

30. 5 M Model 5 Factors Use as a checklist for fact finding and analysis
Man (Human)
Machine
Medium
Mission
Management
Use as a checklist for fact finding and analysis
Recommend a cause and effect diagram

31. 5 M Model

32. Man (Human) Man-machine interface Training Skill and performance
Human factors
Proficiency
Skill and performance
Motivation
Selection
Illness, fatigue, or alcohol

33. Machine Aviation Technology Aircraft, engine, propeller, etc.
Fly-by-wire
Computers
Improvements in communication-navigation
Global positioning systems
Improved weather systems
Improved collision avoidance systems
Data link
Etc.
Fail-safe features and reliability

34. Medium Environment Conditions Weather Physical Facility Obstructions
Air traffic control
Airports
Navigation aids
Airfield lighting
Obstructions

35. Mission Objective is mission accomplishment Purpose of the operation
Level of understanding
Incompatibilities or capabilities

36. Management Predominant role Management support
Responsible for safety and accident prevention
Note: Safety is everybody's business
Controls in place
May have inadequate procedures, standards, and controls

37. Questions / Comments

38. Incident Reports Incident is a near miss or near accident
Reviewed as a predictor of an accident
To prevent accidents, collect data on incidents
Some examples
Inflight fire
Propulsion related events or near accident
Flight control malfunction or failure
Inflight failure of systems
Aircraft evacuation where an emergency egress system was used

39. Hazard Reports
Provide a method for personnel to bring hazards to management attention without any fear of retribution.
User-friendly reporting system
Keep the forms simple
Management should acknowledge all reports
Provide feedback
Take action to remove the hazard
Prioritize the identified hazards and corrective action

40. National Aviation Hazard Reporting Systems
NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS)
FAA Accident Incident Data System
FAA Databases

41. NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS)
Contains reports by pilots and air traffic controllers concerning errors and operational problems.
Database is maintained at Battelle Laboratories in Columbus, Ohio.
Reporter's identity not revealed

42. FAA Accident Incident Data System
Accident data provide measurements of aviation safety.
Data fields
Location information
Aircraft information
Operator information
Narrative
Findings
Weather/environmental information
Pilot information

43. FAA Databases Available at http://www.faa.gov/
Go to accident and incident data
Review the data on the next screens
Preliminary Accident and Incident Reports
Final Data
General Aviation
NTSB Databases

44. Results of an Accident Loss of life or injury
Loss of productivity of injured personnel
Cost of hiring and training replacement personnel
Fines and citations
Title 14 CFR Part 13
EPA
OSHA
Cost of investigation
Cost of cleanup
Loss of equipment use
Cost of rental or lease of replacement equipment

45. Results of an Accident
Increased operating costs on remaining equipment
Increase in aircraft utilization due to loss of aircraft
More operation = higher maintenance costs
Loss of spares or specialized equipment
Cost of corrective action
Legal fees resulting from the accident
Increased insurance premiums
Liability claims in excess of insurance
Loss of business and damage to reputation
What is your company's attitude toward safety?

46. Accidents
In 1988, Aloha Airlines B737 indicated ability to inspect airplanes for cracks wasn't adequate.
In 1989, DC-10 crash at Sioux City, Iowa resulted from the violent failure of #2 engine compressor disk and subsequent loss of all hydraulics.
On May 11, 1996, Value Jet Flight 593 crashed in the Everglades shortly after takeoff.
Failed to prepare chemical oxygen generators for air cargo.
Failed to comply with maintenance training and hazardous materials shipping requirements.
FAA did not require smoke detection and fire suppression systems in class D cargo compartments.

47. Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Management responsibility to perform for each major job.
Evaluate new jobs or existing jobs.
Some companies require a copy in the HR department.
Break down a specific task into separate steps.
Hazards or unsafe work methods are then identified.
Identify the controls that are necessary to remove hazards.

48. Training Program Requirements
Orientation training (new employee training)
Mandated training programs
HAZMAT, OSHA, etc.
Specific training based on responsibilities (Pilots, maintenance, ground handling, etc.).
Recurring safety training
Fire extinguisher
Materials handling
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
First aid and CPR training
Aviation safety
Emergency response
Investigation and inspection training

49. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Critical component of the safety program.
Challenge is making employees comfortable with PPE.
Be sensitive to fit, comfort, and style issues.
OSHA requires that PPE be selected on the basis of a comprehensive risk assessment.
Involve employees in all aspects of the PPE program.
Use reinforced by supervisors and managers.

50. PPE Training Program for Employees
OSHA recommends training program
Remember the new employee orientation
Employees need to understand why PPE is important, and how to properly use it.
OSHA requires the employer to pay for basic minimal PPE.

51. Security

52. Security Requirements
Everyone’s responsibility
Protection from security issues
Unauthorized personnel access
Hijackings
Sabotage
Bombing
Terrorism

53. Department of Homeland Security
Homeland Security Act November 19, 2002
Established U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
Secure the United States from terrorist attacks and security vulnerability.
There are many organizations under DHS
Three main are
Coast Guard
Customs Service
Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
Moved from Department of Transportation to DHS in March 2003
Available at

54. Transportation Security Administration
Response to September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks by using aircraft as weapons.
American Airlines Flight 11 (World Trade Center)
United Airlines Flight 175 (World Trade Center)
American Airlines Flight 77 (Pentagon)
United Airlines Flight 93 (Forced into field by passengers)
November 19, 2001, the security responsibilities transferred from FAA to the Transportation Security Administration (TSA).
Screen passengers and cargo
Inspect luggage and vehicles
Provide air marshals

55. Transportation Security Administration
Moved to U.S. Department of Homeland Security in March 2003.
Responsible for the security and protection of the U.S. national transportation systems.
All modes of transportation
Aviation
Deploy security personnel at airport secure areas
Access point surveillance
Establish acceptable performance levels
Deploy sufficient detection devices
Explosive detection systems
Implemented risk-based management to evaluate vulnerabilities.

56. Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
Title 49, CFR, Chapter XII Transportation Security Administration Regulations
Parts 1500 to 1699

57. Security Requirements
Title 14 CFR Part 108 Aircraft Operator Security.
Title 49 CFR Part 1544, Aircraft Operator Security: Air Carriers and Commercial Operators.
Title 49 CFR Part 1548, Indirect Air Carrier Security.
Title 49, CFR, Chapter XII Transportation Security Administration Regulations.

58. Airport Security Everyone's responsibility
All airport employees
Security foundation starts at both the landside and airside.
Guidance contained in the following documents
Title 49 CFR Part 1542 Airport Security
TSA. (2011) . Recommended Security Guidelines for Airport Planning, Design and Construction. Available at

59. General Accountably Office (GAO)
Independent agency
Investigates how federal funds are spent
Investigates specific topics such
Government operations
Transportation
Safety
Security, etc.
Called the congressional watchdog
GAO reports are available at

60. Management Considerations
Security
Develop an effective security program
Develop a security plan
Security vulnerability assessments
Audit programs
Research regulations, lessons learned, and best practices
Security training program
Recommend checklists to be used to identify security threats and proper operations.

61. References
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (2008). FAA-H Pilot's handbook of aeronautical knowledge. Oklahoma City OK: United States Department of Transportation.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (2010). AC A Safety management systems for aviation service providers. Washington DC: United States Department of Transportation.
Rodriques C. C., & Cusick, S. K. (2012). Commercial aviation safety. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Sheehan, J. J. (2013). Business and corporate aviation management (2nd. ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.