2. Exploring Geography
CHAPTER 1

3. Section 1 The Five Themes of Geography Objectives:
Define the term geography.
Identify the five themes of geography
Give examples of applications of the five themes.

4. Geography
- is the study of where people, places, and things are located and of the ways in which things relate to each other.

5. Vocabulary Key Terms: Absolute location Equator Hemisphere Latitude
Longitude
Prime Meridian
Relative location
Formal region
Functional region

6. The Five Themes of

7. Location
Nevada is located in the Southwestern part of the United States.
Ex: of relative location

8. Latitude and Longitude
A system based on Degrees used in navigation of the globe. Latitude and longitude are a coordinate system used to locate points on the Earth’s surface.

9. Latitude
Latitude is measured as a angle from the equator of the Earth (0°) to the North Pole (90° North) or to the South Pole (90° South). Think of the center of the Earth as the latitudes vertex and the plane made by the equator as the adjacent side or base of the angle. Latitude lines are made by circles that run parallel to the equator’s plane, and grow progressively smaller as they get closer to the poles.

10. Longitude
Longitude lines are made by circles that intersect with both the North and the South Poles. Each longitude can be thought of as dividing the Earth in half. Longitudes are measured in half circles of 0° to 180° East and from 0° to 180° West from the Royal Greenwich Observatory in Greenwich, England. The Royal Greenwich Observatory was established in 1675 to advance the art of navigation.

11. Using Longitude and Latitude
20 S, 20 E (RA 22)
COUNTRY
60 N, 80 W (RA 12 & 13)
BAY
40 N, 90 W (RA 9)
STATE
35 N, 139 E (RA 27)
CITY
36 N, 115 W (RA 8 & 9)
Namibia Tokyo, Japan
Hudson Bay Las Vegas, Nevada
Illinois

12. Absolute Location: Las Vegas
36 N, 115 W

13. Absolute Location vs. Relative Location
When studying the earth, we study areas (or "regions") and we study specific coordinates on the map. Any place that has a coordinate (an exact longitude and latitude) would be classified as an "absolute location." On a map, places with coordinates are often marked by a dot or other similar symbols. Relative locations are larger areas that do not have exact coordinates. Relative Location An area or region would be called a relative location. A relative location is a place or area as compared to another place or area. Relative locations can change depending on the circumstances.

14. Place
"Place" refers to the physical and human features that are found on our earth. When studying the earth, we must study both the physical and the human features so we can adapt to the different features and/or modify them to our needs.

15. Place Population Clocks http://www.census.gov/main/www/popcld.html
Physical Features
Physical features are natural characteristics such as mountains, valleys, streams, and rock formations. Examples:
Population Clocks

16. Human-Env Interaction
Place
Human Features: Humans add other characteristics to our earth, such as buildings, fences, and roads. Examples:
Home
Location
Place
Human-Env Interaction
Movement
Regions

17. Human-Env. Interaction
We depend on our environment
We modify our environment
We adapt to our environment
Home
Location
Place
Human-Env Interaction
Movement
Regions

18. Movement
Movement is transportation of an object from one place to another. While the actual movement of an object involves movement from one absolute location to another absolute location, movement is responsible for the sharing and mixing of regional goods, ideas, and beliefs.

19. Movement PEOPLE GOODS IDEAS
The movement of people has evolved greatly over time. We started out walking, we then upgraded to making animals carry us, and now we are moved by machines. People are transported by cars or other land vehicles, by airplanes, and by ships. Transportation of these three things are important for the growth and success of our world.
GOODS
Goods are distributed in a variety of ways. They are often shipped to their destination by trucks (land), by airplanes (air) or by boats (water). Refrigerated trucks make movement of certain food items possible to regions where they would otherwise never be grown.
IDEAS
Ideas originate in humans but are spread through a system of movement called communication. There are many ways in which ideas are spread. They are extended to everyone else through letters, telephones, faxes, broadcast media, and the internet.

20. Region

21. Region
Location and place are tied together by regions. Regions are realtive locations that are brought together by certain unifying (or common) characteristics. These unifying characteristics often influence what kinds of people inhabit these regions and how humans interact with their environment--that is, how they build their cities, how they use the land, etc. Unifying characteristics can be both physical and human. Physical unifying characteristics include such things as mountain ranges, deserts, rivers, climates, and landforms. Human unifying characteristics include language, religious beliefs, and political attitudes.